Lecture 1. Introduction to Parasitology

Question 1

Parasitology

Answer 1

A branch of zoology and of medicine that

studies parasitism and all its relations

Question 2

Description/Taxonomic

Answer 2

Classification of known parasites

Question 3

Systematics

Answer 3

Use of DNA, proteins and molecular

techniques to establish phylogenies

Question 4

Epidemiologic

Answer 4

Study of life cycle, vectors and
environmental conditions that influence
disease

Question 5

Phoresis

Answer 5

Symbiosis in which one organism is transported by another with no damage to the transporting host, there is no physiological or biochemical dependence between symbionts. (Eggs on fly)

Question 6

Mutualism

Answer 6

Symbiosis in which both symbionts benefit (Clown fish and sea anemone)

Question 7

Commensalism

Answer 7

Symbiosis in which one symbiont benefits and there is no discernable damage to the host (Fish on whale shark)

Question 8

Parasitism

Answer 8

Symbiosis in which an organism (parasite) lives on or in another (host) and draws its nourishment there from.

Question 9

Multiple parasitism

Answer 9

Host is infected with multiple parasite type species

Question 10

Superparasitism

Answer 10

Host harbors excessive parasite numbers

Question 11

Hyperparasitism

Answer 11

Host infected with 2 parasites at once; a parasite within a parasite

Question 12

Parasitic Life Cycle

Answer 12

Interaction between parasite, host and the environment allowing development and reproduction of the parasite

Question 13

Direct Life Cycle

Answer 13

Parasite life cycle with a single host species and transmission from one host to another (1 host only)

Question 14

Indirect Life Cycle

Answer 14

Parasite life cycle which requires more than one host, most often of different species

Question 15

Definitive Host

Answer 15

Host in which the parasite reproduces sexually

Question 16

Intermediate Host

Answer 16

Host in which the parasite is sexually immature or reproduces asexually, and is required to complete the life cycle.

Question 17

Paratenic or Transport Host

Answer 17

Host in which there is no development and is not required to complete the life cycle.

Question 18

Reservoir Host

Answer 18

Host in which an infection is unapparent by may act as a source of infection to hosts important to humans

Question 19

Aberrant (Dead-End) Host

Answer 19

Host that is not suitable to the parasite’s life cycle, potential for serious disease.

Question 20

Vector

Answer 20

An arthropod, mollusk, or other invertebrate that transmits a parasitic agent to a vertebrate host that can act as either a definitive or intermediate host.

Question 21

Mechanical Vector

Answer 21

Transport only, no development takes place.

Question 22

Biological Vector

Answer 22

Development or replication takes place within/on vector

Question 23

Ecology

Answer 23

Study of relationships between organisms and their environments

Question 24

Ecology and Habitats

Answer 24

Focuses on parasite adaption to microhabitats within a host

Question 25

Infection Sites Examples

Answer 25

Coelozoic: Parasites inhabiting the lumens Histozoic: Parasites inhabiting tissues

Question 26

Nidus

Answer 26

Natural focus on disease

Question 27

Zoonosis

Answer 27

Animal disease transmissible to humans

Question 28

Modeling

Answer 28

Development of mathematical models based on epidemiological information for prediction of disease or parasite population dynamics

Question 29

Intrapopulation

Answer 29

Modeling that focuses on parasites on a single host

Question 30

Metapopulation

Answer 30

Modeling that focuses on parasites within a single host species in an ecosystem

Question 31

Suprapopulations

Answer 31

Modeling that focuses on parasites of a single species in all hosts in an ecosystem

Question 32

Prepatent period

Answer 32

Time from infection until agent can be found by usual diagnostic techniques

Question 33

Incubation period

Answer 33

Time from infection until clinical signs or symptoms are apparent

Question 34

Sign

Answer 34

Objective evidence of disease; fever, diarrhea, skin rash

Question 35

Symptom

Answer 35

Subjective indicator of disease; pain, dizziness, nausea

Question 36

Epizootic/epidemic

Answer 36

Explosive disease running through a population in a short period of time

Question 37

Enzootic/endemic

Answer 37

Disease running a slow but extended course in a population

Question 38

Disease prevalence

Answer 38

Proportion of a population infected with a disease at a particular point in time

Question 39

Disease incidence

Answer 39

Proportion of a population becoming infected during a given period of time

Question 40

Zoonotic potential

Answer 40

A disease that humans acquire from vertebrate animals

Question 41

Parasite

Answer 41

An organism that lives on or in another and draws its nourishment therefrom

Question 42

Symbiosis

Answer 42

Intimate association of organisms of different species; no benefit or harm implied

Question 43

Parasitosis

Answer 43

Disease state caused by parasite infestation

Question 44

Parasite-iasis

Answer 44

Suffix used to describe infection with a specific parasite (e.g., trypansomiasis)

Question 45

Parasitemia

Answer 45

Presence of parasites in the host’s blood

Question 46

Parasiticide

Answer 46

Agent that destroys parasites, species specific

Question 47

Parasiticide examples:

Answer 47

(1) Protozoicide (2) Flukicide (3) Anthelmintic (4) Insecticide

Question 48

Ectoparasite

Answer 48

Lives on the surface of the host

Question 49

Endoparasite

Answer 49

Lives inside the host

Question 50

Obligate parasite

Answer 50

Requires a host for completion of the life cycle

Question 51

Facultative parasite

Answer 51

Can live either a parasitic or free living life cycle depending on the circumstances

Question 52

Accidental or incidental parasite

Answer 52

When a parasite enters or attaches to the body of a species of host different from its normal one

Question 53

Permanent parasite

Answer 53

Adult lives entire life within or on one host

Question 54

Temporary or intermittent parasite

Answer 54

Only feed on host then leaves (mosquito, ticks)

Question 55

Polyphilic parasite

Answer 55

Parasite affects many different species

Question 56

Oligophilic parasite

Answer 56

Parasite affects only a few species