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Pharmacology I > Lecture 1 Olympics > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Olympics Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin is available in 0.125-mg tablet form. Convert this dose to microgram strength. (do not round)

A

125

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2
Q

A patient tells the nurse that the oral drug that has been prescribed has caused a lot of stomach discomfort in the past. What will the nurse ask the prescriber?

A

Whether an enteric-coated form of the drug is available.

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3
Q

What are the possible responses a patient can have to a drug’s actions?

A
  • Adverse effects
  • Side effects
  • Desired action
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4
Q

Which medication order requires nursing judgement and means “administer if needed”?

A

Morphine 4mg IV every 4 hours PRN

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5
Q

The patient is receiving two different drugs. At current dosages and dosage forms, both drugs have the same concentration of the active ingredient. Which term is used to identify this principle?

A

Bioequivalent

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6
Q

A drug dose that delivers 800 mg has a half life of 5 hours. Identify how much drug will remain in the body after one half-life.

A

400 mg

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7
Q

The nurse has determined that the pain medication given to a patient an hour ago has been effective. The nurse is using which step of the nursing process?

A

Evaluation

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8
Q

Which factors in a patient would influence GI absorption of medications?

A
  • Blood flow to gastric mucosa
  • Stomach pH
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9
Q

Meperidine (Demerol) is a narcotic with a high potential for physical and psychological dependency. Under which classification does this drug fall?

A

II

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10
Q

What is the nurse’s primary source of information when obtaining a patients history?

A

The patient

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11
Q

A patient receives a drug that had a narrow therapeutic range. The nurse administering this medication will expect to do what?

A

Monitor plasma drug levels

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12
Q

Which factors affects drug actions?

A
  • Age
  • Body weight
  • Metabolic rate
  • Illness
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13
Q

What is the difference between the generic and the trade names od drugs?

A

The trade name is the one that is registered to a specific drug manufacturer.

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14
Q

Which lab tests would be used to assess lover and/or renal function before administering medications?

A
  • ALT
  • CRs
  • BUN
  • LDH
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15
Q

Which statement about variables that influence drug action is/ are true?

A
  • Body weight can effect the therapeutic response of a medication.
  • Chronic smokers may metabolize drugs more rapidly that nonsmokers.
  • A patients attitude and expectations affect the response to medication.
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16
Q

Which action will the nurse take if a dosage is unclear on a health care providers order?

A

Contact the health care provider to verify the correct dosage.

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17
Q

Which drug route would you expect to be most rapidly absorbed?

A

Intravenous Injection

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18
Q

What is the process by which a drug is transported by circulation body fluids to receptor sites?

A

Distribution

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19
Q

The medication order reads, “Give ondansetron (Zophran) 4 mg, 30 mins before beginning chemotherapy to prevent nausea.” The nurse notes that the route is missing from the order. What is the nurses best action?

A

Contact the prescriber to clarify the route of the medication ordered.

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20
Q

The patient is experiencing chest pain and needs to take a sublingual form of nitroglycerin. Where does the nurse instruct the patient to place the tablet?

A

Under the tongue

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21
Q

A patient has been receiving intravenous penicillin for pneumonia for several days and begins to complain of generalized itching. The nurse auscultates bilateral wheezing and notes a temperature of 38.5 C (101 F). Which is the correct action by the nurse?

A

Hold the next dose and notify the prescriber of the symptoms

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22
Q

A provider had written an order for a medication: drug x 100 mg PO every 6 hours. The half-life for the drug is approximately 6 hours. The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose at 0800 AM on Tuesday. On Wednesday, when will the serum drug level reach plateau?

A

0800 AM

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23
Q

A patient claims to get better effects with a tablet of Brand X of a drug than with a tablet of Brand Y of the same drug. Both brands contain the same amount of the active ingredient. What does the nurse know to be most likely?

A

Tablets can differ in composition and can have differing rates of disintegration and dissolution, which can alter the drugs effects in the body.

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24
Q

The nurse is reviewing a list of verbal medication orders. Which is the proper notation of the dose of the drug ordered?

A

Levothyroxine 0.75 mg

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25
When teaching a patient about a new drug that has been prescribed, the patient asks you to explain the difference between a side effect and adverse reaction. What is your best response?
Side effects are mild, and adverse effects are severe
26
The nurse transcribes an order to administer Valium 10 mg IV stat. This order is correctly interpreted by the nurse to mean it should be provided how?
- Immediately - One time only - Intravenously
27
The nurse is teaching an elderly patient with difficulty swallowing about his medications. Which explanation by the nurse is most helpful?
"Tablets that are scored can be broken in half."
28
The nurse is administering parenteral drugs. Which statement is true regarding parenteral drugs?
Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect
29
Which is the best description of when drug interactions occur?
On the alteration of the effect of one drug by another drug
30
When taking a telephone order for a medication, which action by the nurse is most appropriate?
Repeat the order to the prescriber before hanging up the telephone
31
Which statement is true about over the counter (OTC) drugs?
They are sold without prescription
32
Which of the following nursing actions is an example of evaluating patient responses to drug therapy?
Taking the temperature of a patient an hour after giving an antipyretic
33
After giving instructions to an expectant mother about taking medications during pregnancy, which patient statement indicates the need for further teaching?
"I will limit my alcohol intake to only one glass of wine weekly."
34
You give a patient mg of an oral drug at noon. This drug has half-life of 2 h. At what time will 100 mg remain?
0400 pm
35
The nurse will be injecting a drug into the superficial skin layers immediately underneath the epidermal layer of the skin. Which route does this describe?
Intradermal
36
What is the process by which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?
Diffusion
37
The nurse can prevent medication errors by following which principles?
- Minimize the use of verbal and telephone orders - Use two patient identifiers before giving medications - Always following the rights of medication administration
38
The nurse is administering an antibiotic intravenously. Which blood level determines the lowest amount of medication present in the patient?
Trough
39
The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who will be taking an antihypertensive medication. Which action by the nurse is part of the assessment step of the nursing process?
Questioning the patient about over-the-counter medications
40
The nurse determines that a prescribed medication has not been administered as ordered on the previous shift. What action will the nurse take?
Complete and incident report
41
During a period of time when the computerized medication order system was down, the prescriber wrote admission orders, and the nurse is transcribing them. The nurse is having difficulty transcribing one order because of the prescribers handwriting. Which is the best action for the nurse to take at this time?
Contact the prescriber to clarify the order
42
Which routes enables drug absorption more rapidly than the subcut route?
- IV route - IM route - Inhalation/sublingual route
43
Which patients require special considerations for medication administration?
- A 29 y/o pregnant woman - An 82 y/o retired nurse - A 2 month old baby
44
A nurse is reviewing pharmacology terms for a group of newly graduated nurses. Which sentence defines a drugs half life?
The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed from the body
45
Which are routes of drug excretion?
- GI Tract; feces - Genitourinary (GU) tract; urine - Respiratory system; exhalation
46
For which reasons are elderly patients at increased risk for drug interactions and toxicity?
- They have increased uses of multiple medications - They have higher incidence of malnourishment - Hepatic function is reduced
47
A patient developed hives and itching after receiving a drug for the first time. Which instruction by the nurse is accurate?
Stop the medication and encourage the patient to wear a medical alert bracelet that explains the allergy.
48
An adult male patient is 1 day postoperative from a total hip replacement. On a pain scale of 0 to 10, with 10 being the greatest pain, the patient reports a pain level of 10. Which medication would be most appropriate for the nurse to administer to this patient?
6 mg morphine sulfate intravenously
49
What do drug blood levels indicate?
They determine if the amount of drug in the body is in theraputic range.
50
The nurse is administering medications to the patient who is in renal failure resulting from end stage renal disease. The nurse is aware that patients with kidney failure would most likely have problems with which pharmacokinetic phase?
Excretion
51
You have given the antibiotic penicillin as prescribed to a patient with no reported drug allergies. Thirty minutes after receiving the drug, the patient notifies you that he/she developed hives and swelling of the lips. What is your best first action?
Report the findings to the RN or healthcare provider and remain with the patient
52
The nurse planning patient teaching regarding drug names would include which statements?
- Brand names are easier to pronounce, spell, and remember - The first letter of the generic name is not capitalized - The official name is the name under which the drug is listed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
53
Prior to the administration of a nephrotoxic drug, the nurse determines that the kidney lab data are within normal range. Which step of the nursing process is being used?
Assessment
54
When reviewing pediatric medication administration, the nurse recognizes that which type of medication error is most common with children?
Dosing errors
55
When obtaining a patients health history, which assessment data would the nurse identify as having the most effect on drug metabolism?
History of liver disease
56
The nurse is reviewing medication errors. Which situation is an example of a medicaiton error?
A patient receives a double dose of a medication because the nurse did not cut the pill in half.
57
Which drugs cause birth defects?
Teratogens
58
A nurse is giving an eternal medication. The patient asks why this method is preferable for this drug. How will the nurse reply?
"This route is safer, less expensive, and more convenient."
59
Which life threatening illness may occur as a result of aspirin (salicylate) administration during viral illness to patients younger than 20 years of age?
Reye's syndrome
60
A patient who is beginning a new cholesterol-lowering drug tells you he plans to take this drug in the evening with his usual glass of grapefruit juice. What is your best response?
"Taking grapefruit juice can reduce the effectiveness of the drug"
61
A physicians order indicated to administer a medication to the patient via the percutaneous route. The nurse can anticipate that the patient will receive this medication:
topically
62
A nurse is preparing to administer medications. Which patient would the nurse consider to have the greatest predisposition to an adverse reaction?
A 30 year old man with kidney disease
63
A patient who has advanced cancer is receiving opioid medications around the clock to keep him comfortable as he nears the end of his life. Which term best describes this type of therapy.
Palliative therapy
64
When administering drugs, the nurse remembers that the duration of action of a drug is defined as which of these?
The time period of which a drugs concentration is sufficient to cause a therapeutic response
65
Levothyroxine is available in 75-mcg tablet form. Convert this dose to milligram strength (do not round)
0.075 mg (Divide 75 by 1000)
66
What time will the trough blood level need to be drawn if the nurse administers the intravenous medication dose at 0900am?
0830am
67
The nurse assesses which blood level to determine the amount of circulating medication in a patient?
Drug
68
The nurse has been monitoring the patients progress on a new drug regimen since the first dose and documenting the patients therapeutic response to the medication. Which phase of the nursing process do these actions illustrate?
Evaluation
69
What is the name under which a drug is listed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
Official
70
When giving medications, the nurse will follow the rights of medication administration. The rights include the right documentation, the right reason, the right response, and the patients right to refuse. Which of these are additional rights?
- Right route - Right patient - Right drug - Right dose - Right time
71
Which nursing action is NOT appropriate when giving drugs to a patient?
Leaving the drug at the patients bedside to take when he/she awakens
72
Which is always true regarding the generic name for a drug?
It is the same in any country
73
You are evaluating the response of a patient with 30 minutes after receiving an antihypertensive drug. Upon assessment of the patients blood pressure, you note the patient has become hypotensive. What time of drug effect is this patient experiencing?
An adverse effect of the drug
74
The patient is to receive oral guaifenesin (Mucinex) twice a day. Today, the nurse was busy and gave the medication 2 hours after the scheduled dose was due. What type of problem does this represent?
Right time
75
A resident in a long term care facility reports difficulty swallowing enteric coated aspirin and asks the nurse to crush it prior to administration. The most appropriate action for the nurse to take is to:
hold the medication and notify the physician
76
When would it be appropriate to withhold a drug instead of giving it to a patient?
When any part of the drug order in unclear
77
The nurse is administering Lomotil, a Schedule V drug. Which statement is true about this drugs classification?
Abuse potential for this drug is low.
78
Where would the procedures and treatments directed by the health care provider be found?
Physicians order form
79
You are giving an oral drug to a patient. For this drug to be utilized by the body, which mechanism is the first to be involved in that process?
Absorption
80
The nursing assessment identifies thata the client is nauseated and cannot take acetaminophen (Tylenol) orally. Which is true regarding the substitution of this medication to suppository form?
It is contraindicated without an order form the healthcare provider.
81
What would the FDA do to expedite drug development and approval for an outbreak of smallpox, for which there is no known treatment?
Fast track the investigational drug
82
Which drugs would be affected by the first-pass effect when administered?
-Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) elixirs - Levothyroxine (Synthroid) tablets - Esomeprazole (Nexium) capsules
83
When given a scheduled morning medication, the patient states, "I haven't seen that pill before. Are you sure it's correct?" The nurse checks the medication administration record and verifies that it is listed. Which is the nurses best response?
"Let me check the order first before you take it"
84
A 62 year old male patient with liver disease asks you why he is receiving a drug intravenously rather than by mouth. What is your best response?
"Your liver disease impairs the transformation of a drug into its active form."
85
What is the primary purpose of the nursing assessment?
Exploring patient responses to health problems
86
Which action will the nurse take when it is determined that the narcotic count is incorrect while obtaining a medication form the narcotic area?
Report the discrepancy to the charge nurse immediately.
87
What information should be included in the teaching plan for a young woman who has begun on a 10-day course of oral antibiotic therapy for an infection?
Antibiotics interact with birth control pills making them less effective
88
When given an intravenous medication, the patient says to the nurse, "I usually take pills. Why does this medication have to be given in the arm?" What is the nurses best answer?
The action of the medication will begin sooner when given intravenously
89
The nurse administers 50 mg of a drug at 0600am that has half life of 8 hours. What time will it be when 25 mg of the drug has been eliminated form the body?
0200pm
90
Which is an example of an interdependent nursing action?
Administer Demerol 50 mg intramuscularly (IM) every 4 hours PRN.
91
The patient is stating that he has a headache and asks the nurse which over-the-counter medication form would work the fastest to help reduce the pain. Which medication form will the nurse suggest?
a powder
92

Pharmacology I (5 decks)

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