Lecture 1: Organization and Development of the Immune System Flashcards

Question

B2 B Cells

Answer 1

**Function: Mature B Cells (90%)** Synthesis and display of membrane bound Immunoglobulin, which serve as a receptor for antibody \*When a naive B cell encounters antigen that matches its membrane bound antibody, the cell divides rapidly and its progeny diffentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells **Cell Type**: Adaptive **Receptors:** B Cell Receptor (Ig) **Tissue localization:** Blood, spleen, lymph nodes **Cell Population Turnover:** Long lived

Answer 2

**Function:** 1st responder, rapid response to antigen stimulus or TLR Cell Type: Adaptive, but innate like function Receptors: BCR, IgG Tissue localization: Marginal zone of the spleen (where the red pulp meets the white pulp), near the entering blood Cell Population Turnover: Long lived

Answer 3

**Function:** T helper cells, release T cell cytokines essential in B cell antibody class switching and in the activation and growth of cytotoxic T cells, and maximizing the bactericidal activity of phagocytes such as macrophages Cell Type: Adaptive Receptors: TCR recognizing MHC class 2 Tissue localization: Maturation occurs in the thymus Cell Population Turnover: Long lived

Answer 4

**Function**: Cytotoxic T cells, kills infected cells **Cell Type:** Addaptive **Receptors:** TCR recognizing MHC Class 1 **Tissue localization:** Maturation occurs within the thymus **Cell Population Turnover:** Long lived

Answer 5

Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells Process antigen from invading pathogen and present it on the surface of the cell in the context of a MHC class 1 or class 2 molecule Viruses: MHC class 1 Bacteria: MHC class 2

Answer 6

* Established in lymphoid tissues in late fetal life, and after birth * Relatively long lived - up to decades * B Cells and T Cells * Decreases with age * Cells of the adaptive immine system

Answer 7

* High turnover throughout life * Drawn from the blood to sights of injury * High cheotaxic response * Essential for defense against bacteria * Bone marrow derived * Cells of the innate immune system

Answer 8

* Interstitial fluid derived from blood plasma that contains a variety of small and large molecules, lymphocytes, and other cells * Circulates through the lymphatic vessels * Becasue of the small diameter of cappilary vessles, osmotic pressure is high, causing fluid to leak out. The fluid is collected by the lymohatic and returned to the blood through the thoracic duct

Answer 9

Thin walled vesseles through which the fluid and cells of the lymphatic system move through the lyph nodes and ultimately into the thoracic duct where it joins the bloodstream Unidirectional flow into larger vessels, then ducts

Answer 10

Organs in which lymphocyte precursors mature into antigenetically committed, immunocompetent cells. 1. Bone Marrow - B Cell Maturation 2. Thymus - T Cell Maturation

Answer 11

Organs in which matture ummuno competent lymphocytes encounter trapped antigens and are activated into effector cells 1. Lymph Nodes 2. Tonsil 3. Apendix 4. Pyer's Patches 5. Spleen (The spleen is not on the lympoid circut, and instead filters blood)

Answer 12

A mononuclear cell that mediates humoral or cell mediated immunity 1. **_T Lymphocytes:_** a lymphocyte that matures in the thymus and exprexess a T-cell receptor that can bind antigen 2. **_B Lymphocytes:_** a lymphocyte that matures in the bone marrow and expresses membrane bound antibody. After interacting with antigen it differentiates into antibody secreting plasma cells and memory cells

Answer 13

* An area of a cappilary venule that is composed of specialized cells with a cubodial shape that allows lymphocytes to migrate from the blood and enter various lympoid organ * Lymphocytes bind to special adhesion molecules which allow for migration into the lymph node * Antigenic stimulation can increase the migration of lymphocytes through the HEV 10 fold resulting in visible swelling of the node

Answer 14

The smallest of the bodies blood vessels that has an endothelial layer 1 cell thick which provide an uninterrupted lining, and only allow small molecules, like water and ions to diffuse through tight junctions

Answer 15

Large diameter, tortuous vessels. Discontinuous endothelial layer and basal lamina and macrophages outside vessel wall. Found in major exchange sites such as liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

Answer 16

1. Lymphocytes are located into the lymphatic 2. Lymph enters the afferent lymphatic which percolates under the capsule and through the cortex 3. Lymph filters and flows through the medulla and exits the lymph node through the efferent lymphatic Cells can also enther the lymph node through the High Endothelial Venule (HEV) at the T cell area where lymphocytes from the blood bind and are removed from the blood.

Answer 17

B cells and T cells have specific receptors that respond to specific chemokines B cells localizes to the B cell follicle due to CXCL13 chemokine located in the follicle T cells localize to the T cell area due to CCL19/21 in the T cell area. For the cells to leave their specialized areas, the receptors for the chemokine are downregulated and the cells can escape back into the blood through the thoracic duct

Lecture 1: Organization and Development of the Immune System Flashcards

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