Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MSK Exam I > Lecture 1: Overview Of Extremities > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Overview Of Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of limb rotation during embryonic development?

A

Our elbows flex in front of us while our knees flex behind us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of movement typically refers to decreasing the angle of a joint?

A

Flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 classifications of bone?

A 
Sutural
Irregular
Short
Long
Flat
Sesamoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bone classification would you give a vertebra?

A

Irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What bone classification would you give the carpal bones?

A

Short bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What bone classification would you give the parietal bone?

A

Flat bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What bone classification would you give the humerus?

A

Long bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What bone classification would you give the patella?

A

Sesamoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Other than the patella, where else might you find a sesamoid bone?

A

Patella is the largest; would also find at the base of the thumb and the base of the toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a rounded process that articulates with another bone

A

Condyle

Example: occipital condyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a narrow, ridge-like projection

A

Crest

Example: iliac crest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a projection situated above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

Ex: medial epicondyle of humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a small, smooth surface

A

Facet

Ex: rib facet of a thoracic vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to an opening for the passage of blood vessel and/or nerves

A

Foramen

Ex: foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a relatively deep pit or depression

A

Fossa

Ex: olecranon fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a tiny pit or depression

A

Fovea

Ex: fovea capitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to an enlargement at the end of a bone

A

Head

Ex: femoral head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a narrow line-like ridge

A

Linea

Ex: linea aspera of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a tube-like passageway within a bone

A

Meatus

Ex: external auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a prominent projection of a bone

A

Process

Ex: mastoid process of temporal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a branch-like process

A

Ramus

Ex: ramus of mandible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a cavity within a bone

A

Sinus

Ex: frontal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a sharp projection

A

Spine

Ex: spine of scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a pen-like projection

A

Styloid

Ex: styloid process of ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
_____________ is the osteological feature referring to an interlocking junction between cranial bones
Suture Ex: coronal suture
26
_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a relatively large process
Trochanter Ex: greater trochanter of femur
27
_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a small knob-like process
Tubercle Ex: tubercle of rib
28
_____________ is the osteological feature referring to a knob-like process larger than a tubercle
Tuberosity Ex: tibial tuberosity
29
A joint, or _________ is the place of contact betwen bones, between bone and cartilage, or between bones and teeth
Articulation
30
What are the functional classifications of joints?
Synarthrosis (immovable) Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable) Diarthrosis (freely moveable)
31
What are the 3 structural classifications of joints?
Fibrous joints - very stable Cartilaginous joints - involving cartilage Synovial joints - movable joints within cavity
32
What joint classification involves adjoining bones united by collagenic fibers?
Fibrous
33
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
Suture (short fibers) Syndesmosis (longer fibers) Gomphosis (periodontal ligament)
34
What is the mobility level of fibrous suture joints?
Synarthrosis (immobile)
35
What is the mobility of a fibrous syndesmosis joint?
Slightly mobile (amphiarthrosis) and some are immobile
36
What is the mobility of fibrous gomphosis joints?
Immobile
37
What class of joint is characterized by adjoining bones by cartilage?
Cartilaginous
38
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
Synchondrosis (hyaline cartilage) Symphysis (fibrocartilage)
39
What is the mobility of a cartilaginous synchondrosis joint?
Immobile
40
What is the mobility of a cartilaginous symphysis joint?
Slightly movable
41
What class of joint is characterized by adjoining bones separated by a joint cavity, covered with articular cartilage, and enclosed within an articular capsule lined with a specialized membrane?
Synovial joints
42
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
``` Plane Hinge Pivot Condylar Saddle Ball-and-socket ```
43
What is the mobility of all types of synovial joints?
Freely movable (diarthrosis), but the degree depends on design of joint itself
44
________ joints have no joint cavity, are very stable, and have little to no movement
Fibrous
45
__________ are seams where bones are interconnected and tightly bound to one another by fibrous tissue
Sutures | Fibrous
46
____________ occurs where bones are exclusively connected by ligaments
Syndesmosis | Fibrous
47
__________ are peg-in-socket joints between teeth and bone
Gomphosis | Fibrous
48
Epiphyseal plates and joints between bony rib and costal cartilage are examples what what type of joint?
Cartilaginous (synchondrosis) Stable (synarthrosis)
49
What is the major difference between cartilaginous symphyses joints and cartilaginous synchondrosis joints?
Synchondrosis are stable (synarthosis) Symphysis are slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) Also in the type of cartilage (fibrous vs. hyaline)
50
The intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis are examples of what type of joint?
Cartilaginous (symphyses)
51
What is the most movable type of joint?
Synovial
52
What type of cartilage covers the ends of the articulating bones in synovial joints?
Hyaline
53
What are the 3 major functions of the hyaline cartilage lining the synovial joints?
Gliding surface Absorption of compression Protection of bone
54
What are 5 major synovial joint structural components?
Articular (hyaline) cartilage Synovial cavity Articular (fibrous) capsule Synovial membrane Synovial fluid
55
What type of movement exhibited by synovial joints is characterized by gliding (e.g., carpal bones, acromioclavicular joints)
Plane movement
56
What type of movement exhibited by synovial joints is characterized by flexion and extension (e.g., elbow, knee, and ankle)
Hinge movement
57
What type of movement exhibited by synovial joints is characterized by rotation (e.g. Radius/ulnar joint)
Pivot movement
58
What type of movement exhibited by synovial joints is characterized by oval articular surcfaces permiting both flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and rotation?
Condyloid movement Ex: between phalanges and metacarpals
59
What type of movement exhibited by synovial joints is characterized by both surfaces concaved and convexed, allowing flexion/extension and abduction/adduction?
Saddle movement
60
What type of movement exhibited by synovial joints is characterized by multiaxial movement?
Ball-and-socket movement
61
What are some examples of synovial joints that exhibit plane movement?
Intercarpals Intertarsals Joints between vertebral articular surfaces
62
What are some examples of synovial joints that exhibit hinge movement?
Elbows | Interphalangeal joints
63
What are some examples of synovial joints that exhibit pivot movements?
Proximal radioulnar joints | Atlantoaxial joints
64
What are some examples of synovial joints that exhibit condylar movement?
Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints
65
What are some examples of synovial joints that exhibit saddle movement?
Carpometacarpal joints of thumbs
66
What are some examples of synovial joints that exhibit ball-and-socket movement?
Shoulders | Hips
67
________ is a flattened fibrous sac lined by synovial membrane that serves to protect tendons, ligaments, and muscles as well as reduce friction between body elements
Bursa
68
_________ ________ is an elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon
Tendon sheath
69
________ is an inflammation of a bursa due to injury or friction
Bursitis
70
______ ______ is an expansive sheet of dense, irregular connective tissue that separates individual muscles, binds together muscles with similar functions, forms sheaths to help distribute nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels, and fills spaces between muscles
Deep fascia
71
_________ attach muscle to bone, muscle to skin, or muscle to muscle
Tendons
72
Describe the general structure of a tendon
Thick and cordlike
73
Tendons sometimes form a thin, flattened sheet, termed an ________
Aponeurosis
74
Most skeletal muscle extend between bones and cross at least one moveable joint. Upon contraction, one of the bones moves while the other remains fixed. The less moveable attachment of a muscle is called its ______
Origin
75
Most skeletal muscle extend between bones and cross at least one moveable joint. Upon contraction, one of the bones moves while the other remains fixed. The more moveable attachment of a muscle is its ______
Insertion
76
The origin of a skeletal muscle typically lies _______ to the insertion
Proximal
77
The insertion point of a skeletal muscle is pulled ________ the origin
Toward
78
What type of fascicle arrangement surrounds external openings and are arranged in concentric rings?
Circular (sphincter)
79
What type of fascicle arrangement has broad origin while insertion comes together at a tendon?
Convergent
80
What type of fascicle arrangement has an expanded central belly
Fusiform
81
What type of fascicle arrangement has fascicles parallel to the long axis of the muscle and are strap like?
Parallel
82
What type of pennate fascicle arrangement has fascicles inserting into one side of the tendon?
Unipennate
83
What type of pennate fascicle arrangement has fascicles inserting into the tendon from both sides?
Bipennate
84
What type of pennate fascicle arrangement has fascicles inserting into one large tendon from all sides ?
Multipennate?
85
What type of pennate fascicle arrangement is most powerful?
Multipennate
86
What type of lever system has the fulcrum in the middle, between the force and resistance?
First class
87
What type of lever system has resistance between the fulcrum and the applied force?
Second class
88
What type of lever system has force applied between the resistance and the fulcrum?
Third class
89
What is the most common type of lever system in the human body?
Third class
90
Describe first-class lever systems in terms of force arrangements
Load - Fulcrum - Effort
91
Describe second-class lever systems in terms of force arrangements
Fulcrum - Load - Effort
92
Describe third-class lever systems in terms of force arrangements
Load - Effort - Fulcrum
93
What are some examples of muscles named for their location?
Pectoralis m. Intercostal m.
94
What are some examples of muscles named for their shape?
Deltoid (triangle)
95
What are some examples of muscles named for their relative size?
Gluteus maximus/medius/minimus Adductor longus
96
What are some examples of muscles named for their direction of fibers?
Rectus (straight) Transversus and oblique (fibers run at angles to imaginary axis)
97
What are some examples of muscles named for their number of origins?
Biceps Triceps
98
What are some examples of muscles named for location of their attachments?
Sternocleidomastoid [note that these are named according to their point of insertion]
99
What are some examples of muscles named for their action?
Flexor Extensor
100
What are some examples of muscles named for their body position?
Levator labii superioris m.

MSK Exam I (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions