Lecture 1 (part 3)

Question 1

Describe action of GH

Answer 1

Pituitary releases GH, travels via blood to liver, liver secretes IGF1 with travels via the blood and acts on tissues, bones, and muscle, leading to growth

Question 2

Consequences of excess GH?

Answer 2

In Adulthood: acromegaly

If starts from childhood: gigantism

Question 3

Difference between lymph and lymphatic fluid

Answer 3

lymphatic fluid carries fat from the digestive system; lymph fluid composed of proteins and water (leaked out of blood; blood plasma)

Question 4

Lymph nodes (including tonsils) function

Answer 4

Monitor the composition of the lymph, defence (phagocytosis of pathogens), stimulate immune responses

Question 5

Function of the Spleen

Answer 5

Monitors circulation of blood cells, phagocytosis of pathogens, recycles RBC, stimulate immune responses (essentially acting like a large lymph node)

Question 6

Thymus function

Answer 6

controls development and maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 7

where are Lymphatic vessels not found?

Answer 7

they follow CVS vessels; not found in avascular tissue, bone marrow, parts of the spleen, CNS

Question 8

Functions of the Blood

Answer 8

Transport of O2 and CO2, transport of nutrients and hormones, removal of waste, temperature regulation (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), defence against illness, Acid Base Balance

Question 9

Nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses function

Answer 9

Filters, warms, humidifies air, detects smell

Question 10

Larynx function

Answer 10

protects opening to the trachea and contains vocal cords

Question 11

Lungs function

Answer 11

Air movement, gas exchange in alveoli between O2 and CO2, Acid Base control

Question 12

Function of Salivary glands

Answer 12

Parotid, sublingual and submandibular

Buffers and lubrican; secrete enzymes for digestion

Question 13

Pharynx function

Answer 13

chamber shared with respiratory system; conducts solid and liquid food to oesophagus and air to larynx

Question 14

Stomach function

Answer 14

Secretes enzymes and hormones

Question 15

Small intestine

Answer 15

secretes digestive enzymes, buffers, hormones, absorption of nutrients

Question 16

Liver function

Answer 16

Secretes bile (later stored in gallbladder), regulates nutrients in blood (major regulatory organ)

Question 17

Gallbladder

Answer 17

concentrates and stores bile

Question 18

Pancreas functions

Answer 18

Both endocrine and exocrine functions

exocrine function; secretes digestive enzymes and buffers

Question 19

Kidneys function

Answer 19

Form and concentrate urine, regulate pH and ions in the blood, control blood pressure and volume (through EPO secretion), endocrine function (EPO production and secretion)

Question 20

EPO; what is it and where is it produced

Answer 20

A glycoprotein hormone, produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidneys. Signals erythropoiesis in Red Bone marrow. Increases hemocytoblast activity, more RBC produced, increased O2 carrying capacity in blood and increased aerobic performance

Question 21

external genitalia function- males

Answer 21

Reproduction and thermal regulation (penis and srotum)

Question 22

Vegina and external genitalia function

Answer 22

lubrication, sperm reception, birth canal

Question 23

Mammary glands function

Answer 23

nutrition for newborn; modified sweat gland thus also part of integumentary