Lecture 1: PATHOLOGY: INTRODUCTION - Historical Perspectives Flashcards
It was traced back 5000 years in history, yet records on personalities involved in expounding the understanding of disease during that time were lacking.
Oriental or Eastern medicine
In this culture, disease is thought to be caused by an imbalance of the negative (Yin) and positive (Yang) forces.
Oriental culture
It is exemplified by the attempt to restore the harmonious balance between yin and yang through different plant and animal concoctions and formularies, including some prescription on the arrangement of all things in the environment surrounding the person.
Eastern medicine
They practiced the preservation of both human and animal remains as mummies, there were no recorded data whether they really examined the body after death; neither did they record observations about disease.
Ancient Egyptian
They recorded numerous ailments with corresponding folk treatment, most of which were influenced by religious beliefs to mythical gods and goddesses. (2)
Edwin Smith Papyrus and Ebers Papyrus
For him and his students, disease involved the whole person and not confined to a part of that person.
Hippocrates
Being a true empiricist advocated the observation of diseased patients, the formulation of a diagnosis and prognosis, and the diligent treatment of patients
Hippocrates
He first introduced the practice of surgery at 219BC in Rome. He was considered an expert in wound, and his use of the knife and cautery earned him the title “carnifex” or “executioner”.
Arcagathus
He described the medical practice at his time, and came up with the first account and description of heart diseases and mental illness, including the four cardinal signs of inflammation (redness, swelling, heat and pain).
Cornelius Celsus
He became a famous physician to the gladiators. Gaining experience and information from the mortal wounds of gladiators he was compelled to treat; he discovered and explained several anatomic structures.
Claudius Galen
He published his works on anatomic descriptions of the human body - De Humanis Corporis Fabrica and dispelled some of Galen’s works.
Andreas Vesalius
They declared that that the soul constituted a higher value than the whole organism, implying that after death, there was no more a physical frame that’s left. (2)
Pluto and Aristotle
It is considered to have begun in 1543 when Andreas Vesalius published the complete textbook on human anatomy.
Modern Medicine
He presented his report from about 700 autopsies, and surmised that disease occur or “sat” in different organs in different patients. Since every major organ has one vein, he called it “the seat and cause of disease” where he explained that all diseases are caused by inflammation of the vein draining the organ.
Dr. John Morgagni
He devised the microscope from crude lenses and launched the modern era of microscopy. He discovered algae and protozoa, and his studies of sperm cells and aquatic microbes created the science of microbiology.
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
