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262 - cata > Lecture 1: Primary Assessment > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Primary Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

What are you looking for in a primary survey?

A

Looking for life threatening situations (unconcious, breathing, if they have a pulse/major bleeding)

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2
Q

How long should primary assessment take?

A

30-45 seconds max

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3
Q

What are you looking for in a secondary survey?

A

Head to toe assessment to check for limb threatening or less obvious injuries

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4
Q

What are the elements of a scene size up?

A

-Insuring my safety (safe for me, my athlete, has the play stopped, rules of the game?

-BSI (PPE)
(need gloves and protective wear)

-Location/position of patient/athlete
(dependant on the sport, athelete will be in various positions

–Number of victims as well as condition: traumatic or medical?

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5
Q

What are the 5 colours of triage tags?

A

Red, yellow green, black and white

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6
Q

What does the red triage tag mean?

A

Used to label those who cannot survive without immediate treatment but who have a chance of survival

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7
Q

What does the yellow triage tag mean?

A

For those who require observation. (stable for the moment with no immediate danger)

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8
Q

What does the green triage tag mean?

A

“walking wounded” who will eventually need care after the critical are treated

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9
Q

What does the black triage tag mean?

A

Used for deceased and for those whos injuries are so extensive they will not survive

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10
Q

What does the white triage tag mean?

A

Minor injuries where doctor care is not required

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11
Q

Where do you approach the patient from?

A

at the head (side thats facing you) FROM THE FEET

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12
Q

When do you stabilize the head>

A

INITIALLY, RIGHT AS YOU APPROACH THEM

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13
Q

What are some of the things you should not do when approaching your patient

A
  • Do not approach from where they cannot see you
  • Do not go over the patient (could injure further/bloack airway
  • Never step over, always go around
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14
Q

How does blood look when it is flowing from an artery, a vein?

A

Artery: spurting must be blocked with pressure

-Steady flow (oozing)

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15
Q

As you approach the athlete, what are you looking for?

A 
Position of athlete
Skin colour
Sweating
Bleeding
Deformity
Assymetry
Medic alert bracelet
pupils
sickness looking
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16
Q

If patient is semiprone where do you stabilize the head>

A

GO from the side, inforont of face

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17
Q

What is the acronym for the primary assessment?

A

UABCd

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18
Q

When would you usde UCABd instead?

A

If you do not see the MOI (do not know how long they have been down and need to assess if alive)

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19
Q

What does UABCd stand for>?

A 
Unconciousness
Airweay
Breathing
Circulation 
defib
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20
Q

What to ask to determine LOC

A

ASK:
What happened/open your eyes
(If no response: move to painful stimuli)

if response: WHere does it hurt, reach and squeeze my finger

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21
Q

What are the 2 types of painful stimuli and what are you looking for after administering

A

TRICEP PINCH/NAIL BED SQUEEZE

-do they open their eyes
-do they moan
-do thye localize the pain
do they withdraw from the pain?

22
Q

What are the 2 methods of classifying level of conciousness

A

AVPU

Glasgow Coma Scale

23
Q

Explain AVPU

A

A= alert (eyes are open and answering questions) CAN BE ORITENTED TO TIME PERSON PLACE EVEN

V= Response to verbal stimuli

M=Repsond to painful stimuli

U= no response to either verbal or painful and must call 911

24
Q

What is the grading of glascow coma scale and what does each end mean?

A

EVM=Eye opening, verbal, motor

3-15

3= unconcious
15=fully awake and alert

25
Q

If you find your patient to be unconcious, what is the first thing to do

A

SIGNAL FOR 911 AND activate erp

26
Q

What to say when you call 911

A
  • Status of paient
  • age
  • LOC, ABC staus
  • vitals
  • location, access speficics
  • medical history
27
Q

What does the A stand for in UABC

A

Airway

28
Q

What are 3 ways of opening the airway

A

Trauma Jaw thrust
Head tilt/chin lift
trauma chin lift

29
Q

Which way would you open the airway if you suspected a spinal injury?

A

Trauma jaw thrust

30
Q

Name some possible airway obstructions

A 
teeth
food
gum
tongue
vomit
saliva/blood
foreign body
31
Q

Name the signs of obstructed airway

A

2-3 word dyspnea (shortness of breath)
use of accessory muscles for breathing
nasal flaring
laboured breathing

32
Q

Should you immediately remove an athletes helmet?

A

no it is a last resort

33
Q

Be able to identify the trauma jaw thrust, the head tilk chin lift and the trauma chin lift

A

.

34
Q

What does the B in ABCs stand for ?

A

Breathing

35
Q

What are the 3 things to do to assess breathing>

A

Look, listen, feel

36
Q

What is a normal breathing rate?

A

12-20 respiration per minute

37
Q

When should you assist breathing with a bag valve mask?

A

When breathing is less than 10 or greater than 30

38
Q

What is circulation evaluated by?

A

the presence of a pulse
the character or a pulse
identification of external bleeding
evaluation of skin condition

39
Q

What is considered a normal heart rate?

A

60-100 bpm

40
Q

What do you do if no pulse is present?

A

Start CPR and Defib

41
Q

name the different ways to provide artificial ventilation and the corresponding oxygen levels

A

-Barrier device
(your gas+02=50%)

  • With bag valve mask and o2 delivers greater than 90%
  • Non-breathing with NO pulse = CPR
42
Q

Explain gastric distension

A

Can occur if blowing too hard or fast
can cause airway obstruction, vomitting and can reposition airway

Proper tecnique=
* Light breaths
* No manual pressure

43
Q

What does OA stand for and what is its purpose

A

Oropharyngeal Airway

it keeps tongue from blocking upper airway, easier for suction, good airway maintenance

44
Q

True or false

You can only use an OA for an unconcious patient>

A

True

45
Q

What are the disadvantages of an OA

A

does not protect from aspiration
may stim vomitting and laryngospasm
if not inserted properly can actually push the tongue back and cause airway obstruction

46
Q

How to you measure the OPA

A

Size from ear lobe to the corner of the mouth

47
Q

What are the 3 insertion methods of an opa?

A

90 degrees
180 degrees
tongue depressor

48
Q

When would you use an nasopharyngeal airway>

A
  • For unconscious or semi- conscious patient
  • For severe head trauma
  • For “gag reflex”
  • Need lubricant
49
Q

How do you measure for a Nasopharyngeal airway>

A

Earlobe to the top of the nose concavely

50
Q

HOw can you prevent shock

A

Supply O2 and give a blanket (to keep warmth)

51
Q

What are the main GENERAL intervention steps for an unconcious patient?

A

1) ERP ready and visual scan with PPE
2) Approach from 45 degree on side where they can see you
3) Stabilize head and ask the questions/tricep pinch
4) Activate ERP and do the ABC’s
5) Insert OPA (if not gag reflex)
6) Head to toe palpation

52
Q

What are the main GENERAL intervention steps for a concious patient?

A
  • History / Chief complaint
  • Evaluate injury
  • ABC’s as required!
  • Secondary assessment as required

262 - cata (18 decks)

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