Lecture 1: Review of Basic Embryology

Question 1

Endoderm becomes the lining of ____

Answer 1

The digestive system

Question 2

Dorsal Hollow nerve tube becomes…

Answer 2

the nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

Question 3

Epidermal ectoderm becomes…

Answer 3

parts of the epidermis (skin)

Question 4

somites becomes…

Answer 4

scleratome, myotome, dermatome

Question 5

Intermediate mesoderm becomes the…

Answer 5

urogenital system

Question 6

nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc is derived from….

Answer 6

the notochord

Question 7

All components of the circulatory system comes from what germ layer?

Answer 7

it is mesodermally derived

Question 8

• draw transverse cross section of human embryo and adult *

Answer 8

https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/images/thumb/f/f3/Rugh_101.jpg/300px-Rugh_101.jpg

Question 9

Abdomen and thorax are separated by …

Answer 9

the diaphragm

Question 10

although the thorax and pelvic region are not separated by a defined portion, it is estimated by the

Answer 10

brim of the illeum

Question 11

what is the diaphragm derived from?

Answer 11

cervical hypaxial musculature

Question 12

What is the diaphragm innervated by?

Answer 12

the left and right phrenic nerves

Question 13

What levels is the diaphragm innervated by?

Answer 13

C3,4, and 5 (keep the diaphragm alive)

Question 14

Parietal Peritoneum is ______ derived and coats the internal surfaces of the ______ _____

Answer 14

Parietal Peritoneum is __mesodermally____ derived and coats the internal surfaces of the ___body___ ___wall__

Question 15

Visceral Peritoneum is ______ derived and coats the _____ _____

Answer 15

Visceral Peritoneum is ___mesodermally___ derived and coats the __internal___ ___organs__

Question 16

Mesentary is a __-Layer of _____ derived material that connects to ____ or _____ midline to suspend ___ internally

Answer 16

Mesentary is a Bi-Layer of __mesodermally___ derived material that connects to __dorsal__ or __ventral___ midline to suspend __gut_ internally

Question 17

Parietal Pleura is…

Answer 17

the serial homolog of parietal peritoneum in the thorax

Question 18

Visceral Pleura is…

Answer 18

the serial homolog of visceral peritoneum in the thorax

Question 19

What are the components of the neck and thorax (components of the respiratory system)

Answer 19

• lungs
• bronchii
• Trachea
• Pharynx
• Nasal Pharynx
• Oral Pharynx
• Common Pharynx

Question 20

What are the components of the embryonic foregut?

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Answer 20

• Esophagus
• stomach
• doudendum (first bend of small intestine)
• liver
• gallbladder
• pancreas

Question 21

Foregut receives sympathetic innervation by the _______ of the levels T_-T_ and synapses on _____

Answer 21

Foregut receives sympathetic innervation by the ___Greater splanchnic nerve____ of the levels T5-T9 and synapses on _celiac ganglion____

Question 22

Foregut receives parasympathetic innervation by…

Answer 22

The Vagus Nerve (X)

Question 23

The foregut receives arterial supply by…

Answer 23

The celiac artery and it’s branches

Question 24

The foregut gets venuous drainage by…

Answer 24

the Splenic Vein and its tributaries

Question 25

What are the components of the embryonic Midgut? | Jump! Its A Trap

Answer 25

- jejunum and ileum of small intestine - appendix - ascending colon - transverse colon (up to LEFT COLIC FLEXURE)

Question 26

Midgut receives sympathetic innervation by the _______ of the levels T_-T_ and synapses on _____

Answer 26

midgut receives sympathetic innervation by the __lesser splanchnic nerve__ of the levels T10-T11 and synapses on __superior mesenteric ganglion___

Question 27

Midgut recieves parasympathetic innervation by...

Answer 27

The Vagus Nerve (X)

Question 28

The midgut receives arterial supply by...

Answer 28

Superior mesenteric artery and its branches

Question 29

The midgut gets venous drainage done by...

Answer 29

the superior mesenteric vein and its tributaries

Question 30

What are the components of the embryonic Hindgut? | Dont Stop Running

Answer 30

- descending colon - sigmoid colon - (through to Rectum)

Question 31

Hindgut receives sympathetic innervation by the _______ of the levels T_-L_and synapses on _____

Answer 31

Hindgut receives sympathetic innervation by the ___Lesser and least splanchnic nerves & Lumbar splanchnics____ of the levels T10-L2and synapses on ___inferior mesenteric ganglion __

Question 32

Hindgut recieves parasympathetic innervation by... | -on what levels?

Answer 32

Sacral (caudal) outflow | -S2-S4

Question 33

The hindgut receives arterial supply by...

Answer 33

inferior mesenteric artery and its branches

Question 34

The hindgut gets venous drainage by..

Answer 34

inferior mesenteric vein and its tributaries

Question 35

Most of the internal organs are surrounded by visceral peritoneum. These are _____ relative to the coelom. This is the _____ condition

Answer 35

Most of the internal organs are surrounded by visceral peritoneum. These are ___inside__ relative to the coelom. This is the __intraperitoneal___ condition

Question 36

Some organs are between the peritoneum on one surface and the body wall on the other side. _____ relative to the coelom. This is the _____ condition. What is an example of this?

Answer 36

Some organs are between the peritoneum on one surface and the body wall on the other side. __Outside___ relative to the coelom. This is the __retroperitoneal___ condition. For example: kidneys

Question 37

What are the structures in the pelvis?

Answer 37

- end of digestive system - Female Reproductive organs - Bladder - Ducts to and existing from bladder

Question 38

What structures are retroperitoneal? in other words, which structures are behind the parietal peritoneum (against body wall "anchored") --> mnemonic: SAD PUCKER

Answer 38

``` S: suprarenal cadrenal glands A: aorta D: Duodendum (except duodenal cap) P: pancreas U: Ureters C: colon (ascending and descending) K: kidneys E: esophagus R: rectum ```