Lecture 1: September 26 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Ethics
study and application of moral principles and codes of conduct. Includes professional relationships, dress code, fees, advertising, professional integrity (ethics and etiquette)
Bioethics
moral decision making in the care and treatment of patients
Being a professional implies what 4 things?
- special knowledge
- application
- service
- code of conduct
Nature of a professional relationship involves what 5 things?
- applied science
- legal contract
- business transaction
- societal/institutional agent
- covenant: beneficence in trust
How has physician responsibility changed? (old vs. new)
Old: individual patient
New: Patient + enrolled population of patients
How has who is responsible for the care of the patient changed? (old vs. new)
Old: individual clinical responsibility of the physician for the patient
New: team/group + patient. There is new dialogue among the physicians and health care teams and patients
How has what credibility and trust is based on changed? (old vs. new)
Old: professional mystique and prestige
New: data, documented evidence or effective treatment
How have determinants of performance and accountability changed? (old vs. new)
Old: profession
New: profession and other public and community groups
How have organizations that exist to serve/protect in the health care field changed? (old vs. new)
Old: individual physicians interests-focused
New: patient, community and physician interests
How have the parties to which physicians are accountable changed?
Old: patients and profession
New: Patients, profession and healthcare organization
What are the eternal verities of being a physician? (3)
- virtuous conduct
- doctor patient relationship
- physical diagnosis
How do we search for truth? (4)
- awareness of the moral content of our actions
- evaluation of our intent and choice of action
- using reasoned judgement to select choices
- normative evaluation (requires value system)
Values that we are comfortable with are considered ________ while values that we are not comfortable with are considered _______
- civic/secular
- moral/ethical
What are the 3 foundations of ethical decisions?
- personal opinions and feelings
- religious beliefs
- systematic theories
- ->These must be subject to judgment in argumentation
What composes the framework to ethical decision making (5)?
- establishing facts (distinguish these from uncertainties and biases and recognize that clinical judgements are probability statements)
- identifying ethical issues and principles involved
- determine the patients best interests
- state the decision and recommendations
- justify the decision
Witholding life-sustaining care and removing life-sustaining care are ________
morally equivalent in equivalent circumstances
Difference between letting die and killing:
Letting die: is the removal of non-beneficial support
Double effect
Allow one unintended bad effect in order to achieve a good effect as long as:
- the action isnt intrinsically wrong
- only the good effect is intended
- the bad effect isn’t a means to an end
- the goal to be achieved is proportional to the evil permitted
Moral agency
teh ability to act and take personal responsibility
What are the required competencies for achieving moral agency? (4)
- moral sensibility: recognizing the moral moment
- moral responsiveness: willing to respond
- moral reasoning: sound approaches
- accountability: holding oneself and other accountable
