Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ClinMed > Lecture 1: systems review > Flashcards

Lecture 1: systems review Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what should you look for in terms of red flags and signs and symptoms of other underlying issues

A

look for combos

few are informative on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the constitutional symptoms or general health components that require a systems review (x9)

A

Fever/sweats/chill (prolonged; >102 may require hospital)
weight changes (i.e. more than 5% or unexplained)
N&V
dizzy/lightheaded
prolonged/limiting fatigue
limiting weakness
paresthesias/numbness
ill feeling
mentation/cognitive changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some more subtle/atypical symptoms in the older adults that may be more subtle and atypical

A

mentation changes
subnormal temp
bradycardia/tachycardia
tachypnea (excessive respiration)
fatigue
lethargy
decreased appetite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

abnormal lymph node signs

A

> 2cm
firm
immobile
tender

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what might you palpate in an infection systems review

A

lymph nodes
heat
swelling
possible abdominal quadrant assessment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

some symptoms common to auto immune conditions

A

GI pain/dysfunction
inflammation
myalgia/arthalgia
skin/weight changes
swollen lymph nodes (tender with acuity; non-tender if chronic)
fatigue
fever
typically affects more than one part of the body
emotional changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cancer symptoms

A

history of cancer
pain- local/referred
N&V
loss of appetite
unexplained weight loss
fever/chills/sweats (night)
swollen non tender lymph nodes
fatigue
secondary infections due to low immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why might cancer patients have a fever in the absence of an infection

A

increased circulating WBC or production of pyrogen agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why might cancer patients lymph nodes be not tender

A

due to limited inflammation with typical slow growth of most cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functions of integumentary system

A

protect underlying structures
insulator
regulates temp
assist fluid balance
synthesis of vitamin D
sensory detection of stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

itchy/dry/rough texture of skin indicates what

A

impaired circulation/oxygenation
associated with conditions like diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hives or rash indicate

A

possible allergic reaction or systemic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

callus indicates

A

excess friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

blisters indicate

A

increased friction

may indicate systemic condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

edema indicates

A

locally = possible inflammation, infection, or allergic reaction

generalized = likely systemic condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the ABCDEs of melanoma

A

asymmetry
border - not well defined or regular
color - multiple shade
diameter- larger than a pencil eraser
evolution - change over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a cafe au lait

A

may indicate underlying genetic condition
mostly benign but a concern if there are multiple spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what conditions might abnormal hair indicate

A

a patch (especially on spine) may indicate underlying genetic condition

a bare patch may indicate impaired circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cyanosis discoloration of skin may indicate

A

impaired circulation/oxygenation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

redness or red streaks on skin may indicate

A

acute inflammation, stage 1 pressure ulcer, infection, or allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

varicose veins indicate what

A

venous congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

functions of endocrine system

Study These Flashcards
A

differentiation of reproductive and nervous systems in fetus

stimulates growth/development

coordination of reproductive systems

maintains optimal internal environment/homeostasis

initiation of corrective and adaptive responses in emergency situations

23
Q

where does the endocrine system meet the nervous system

Study These Flashcards
A

at hypothalamus-pituitary interface

24
Q

function of the hypothalamus in regards to the endocrine system

Study These Flashcards
A

main integrative center of endocrine and autonomic nervous system functions by hormonal and neural pathways

25
how might an endocrine system initially present
with a MSK problem that regresses in response to hormonal changes or is not progressing
26
what are some MSK conditions that may be associated with endocrine problems
rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis (particularly hands and spine) adhesive capsulitis bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome osteoporosis
27
persistent MSK symptoms that may indicate endocrine issues
muscle weakness/atrophy /pain fatigue stiffness joint P!
28
systemic symptoms of endocrine issues
growth alterations excessive thirst - polydipsia excessive urination - polyuria heart palpitations increased perspiration deep, rapid breathing fluid imbalance changes in: mention hair quality/distribution skin pigmentation body fat distribution elevated vital signs
29
why is there possible pain in the upper extremity with cardiovascular issues
shared C4-T4 innervation UE pain is in ulnar nerve distribution medially into little finger
30
what are the peripheral vascular signs and symptoms that indicate a cardiovascular issue
LE edema including weight gain indicates impaired R ventricle P! in LE due to claudication, particularly with activity and area may lose color or become Cold diminished pulses
31
what are the standard vital signs
temp HR BP respiratory rate
32
what are the components of a cardiovascular review
Hx and observation standard vital signs ankle-brachial index (ABI)
33
what is the ankle-brachial index
pt. in supine 5-10 min ABI = LE systolic BP/UE systolic BP greater than or equal to 0.9 can be used for prediction of a CV event
34
lymph system develops from what
embryologically from venous system
35
functions of lymphatic system
moves fluid form periphery to central circulation lymph fluid returns to R side fo the hear via subclavian veins absorbs macromolecules like proteins and fatty acids fluid balance immunity remove cellular debris and waste
36
symptoms of lymphatic problems
pain in local area full/heavy and or tight sensation (particularly with clothing/jewelry) impaired ROM paresthesias/numbness increased extremity size weight gain swollen lymph nodes
37
advanced cases of lymphatic issues may include what addition to symptoms
skin breakdowns/wounds from swelling infection signs and symptoms head/neck edema that interferes with speech, swallowing, and breathing
38
lymphatic review consists of
Hx/observatin ROM girth measurement palpation of lymph nodes temp
39
signs and symptoms of respiratory issues
P! IN NECK/UPPER SHOULDER thorax P! (shared T2-4 innervation) cyanosis digital clubbing SOB, wheezing, altered breathing pattern cough dercreased breath sounds possible pleura rub of lung and rib connective tissue during respiration hyper resonance with percussion
40
respiratory review consists of
Hx and observation standard vitals breath sounds with stethoscope or auscultations percussions
41
how does the GI tract contribute to protection
all major categories of immune cells are in gut 70-80% of immune cells in gut
42
signs of a GI issue
pain in neck, trunk, pelvic, and/or shoulder region (due to multiple levels of shared innervation) dysphagia (swallowing difficulties) N&V food aversion/intolerances indigestion or heart burn full feeling
43
GI review consists of
Hx and observation abdominal quadrant assessment
44
hepatic system functions
assist nearly every body system GI/endocrine assist lipid processling and lipoproteins assist hematologic system with clotting/protien synthesis assist reproductive system sex hormone metabolism/distribution houses immune system cells - largest number of phagocytic cells
45
hepatic system signs and symptoms are usually due to what
bilirubin increase
46
symptoms of hepatic issues
P! in R upper quadrant GI signs/symptoms edema skin changes (i.e. jaundice, spider angioma, palmar erthyema) dark urine discolored stool
47
why might there be neurological involvement with hepatic issues? what might the symptoms be?
due to increase neurotoxin build up of ammonia/bile symptoms like confusion, sleep issues, muscle tremors, and asterisks (paresthesias/numbness from ammonia build up and inability to maintain wrist extension with shoulder flexion)
48
what is hepatic osteodystrophy
metabolic bone disease due to suppression of bile flow may manifest as osteoporosis
49
hepatic review consists of
Hx and observation abdominal quadrant assessment neurological tests
50
components of LMN
cranial nerves anterior gray column of spinal cord cauda equina spinal nerves and distal to terminal nerves
51
components of UMN
anterior horn of spinal cord brain and most of spinal cord
52
what is the superficial abdominal reflex
light strokes applied in each quadrant around the umbilicus WNL = umbilicus moves in direction of stroke hypoactive = decreased/lack of umbilical movement
53
other possible symptoms that may occur with UMN or LMN injuries
N&V dizziness visual/auditory dysfunction worst HA ever may be impending stroke
54
neurological review consists of what
Hx and observation neurological tests specific to region

ClinMed (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions