Lecture 1 Viniculture And Viticulture

Question 0

What is fermentation

Answer 0

Sugar + yeast = alcohol + CO2 + heat

Question 1

What is wine

Answer 1

Fermented fruit juice

Usually grape

Question 2

Why use grapes for wine

Answer 2

High sugar

High water

Question 3

Wine labeling varietal

Answer 3

Grape type

Question 4

Wine labeling place name

Answer 4

Region
Village
Vineyard

Question 5

Wine labeling proprietary

Answer 5

Legally protected brand

Question 6

Wine labeling generic

Answer 6

White
Red
Blush
Rose

Question 7

What parts of the world use varietal labeling

Answer 7

Usa
Oz
Nz
Chile
Art
Germany
Austria
Alsace

Question 8

What parts of the world use place name labeling

Answer 8

France
Italy
Spain
Portugal

Question 9

What is proprietary labeling

Answer 9

Use of trademark or brand name

Question 10

Wine labeling semi generic

Answer 10

Stolen place names
Phased out in Usa
2005 treaty with the eu

Question 11

Factors in producing quality wine

Answer 11

Grape species
Soil
Climate
Viticulture
Viniculture

Question 12

Grape species used for wine production

Answer 12

Vitis vinifera

Vine wine grape

Question 13

American species of grape vines

Answer 13

V. Labrusca

V. Catawba

Question 14

Other vine species

Answer 14

V. Berlandieri
V. Riparian
V. Rupestris

Question 15

Why graft vinifera vines

Answer 15

Phylloxera vastatrix late 1800’s

Phylloxera bio type b 1980’s

Question 16

Rootstock solution discovered by

Answer 16

Thomas Munson

Texas solution

Question 17

Rootstock species used for grafting

Answer 17

Rupestris

Rumania

Question 18

Clone

Answer 18

Vine that has developed differently from vines of the same variety
Mutating due to climate conditions
Done intentionally by human intervention

Question 19

Example of unstable grape variety

Answer 19

Pinot noir

Manu mutations

Question 20

Example of stable grape variety

Answer 20

Cab say

Few mutations

Question 21

Cross

Answer 21

Derived from 2 different varieties of the same species

Question 22

Example of a cross

Answer 22

Pinot noir x Cinsault = pinotage

Question 23

Hybrid

Answer 23

Derived from 2 different species of grapes

Question 24

Example of a hybrid

Answer 24

Seibel 5656 x seibel 4986 = seibel blanc

Question 25

Soil considerations

Answer 25

Top soil - drainage Subsoil - water table Mineral composition

Question 26

Nutritional requirements of the vine

Answer 26

Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Other minerals

Question 27

Climatic temperature zones for growing grapes

Answer 27

30 - 50 degrees latitude north and south

Question 28

What is mean temp and conditions of 30 - 50 degrees latitude

Answer 28

50 - 69 F mean temp Moderate days Hours of sunlight Rainfall

Question 29

Terroir

Answer 29

Anything contributing a sense of place to a wine Macro climate Meso climate Micro climate

Question 30

Terroir macro climate

Answer 30

Sunshine Temperature Rainfall

Question 31

Terroir meso climate

Answer 31

Vineyard

Question 32

Terroir micro climate

Answer 32

``` Elevation Slope Exposure Wind Bodies of water Plant and animal life Cultural traditions of region Paw mark of winemaker ```

Question 33

Vine cycle basic

Answer 33

``` Bud break Shoot emergence , foliage, embryo bunches Flowering Partial version Full version ```

Question 34

Vine cycle winter

Answer 34

Dormant | Vine pulled back

Question 35

Bud break | Time of year

Answer 35

March to April north | Sept to oct south

Question 36

Flowering time of year

Answer 36

May to june north | Nov to dec south

Question 37

Fruit set | Time of year

Answer 37

June to July north | Dec to jan south

Question 38

Version | Time of year

Answer 38

August north | January south

Question 39

Harvest | Time of year

Answer 39

Aug to oct north | Feb to march south

Question 40

Viticulture variables

Answer 40

``` Trellising Vine training Canopy management Yields Irrigation Timing and method of harvest Organic biodynamic Lute raisonnee Disease and pests ```

Question 41

Examples of pests and diseases

Answer 41

``` Phylloxera Pierces disease Powdery mildew Downy mildew Fan leaf roll ```

Question 42

Guyot training

Answer 42

Used in bordeaux | Designed to restrain yields

Question 43

3 types of cane training

Answer 43

Guyot Vertical shoot positioning vps Double guyot

Question 44

Vps

Answer 44

Used in new world and nz Ideal for mechanization Used in France and Germany with just two Spurs

Question 45

3 types of spur training

Answer 45

Gobelet Chablis Cordon de royat

Question 46

Gobelet

Answer 46

``` Ancient technique Italy Rhone Spain Oz ```

Question 47

Chablis training

Answer 47

Used for Chardonnay in champagne

Question 48

Cordon de royat

Answer 48

Used for Pinot noir in champagne

Question 49

Red wine making steps

Answer 49

``` Crush Macerate Ferment Press Age Filter and fining Bottle ```

Question 50

White wine making steps

Answer 50

``` Crush Press Ferment Age Filter Bottle ```

Question 51

Viniculture variables

Answer 51

``` Crush/destem or whole cluster pressing Length of maceration/cold soak Wild or cultured Yeats Oak ss or other French american or other oak New used oak Size of cask Light med dark toast Barriques or foudres ```

Question 52

Winemaking choices

Answer 52

``` Ferm temp, controlled? Micro ox Malolactic fermentation Chapitalization acidification Reverse osmosis Spinning come Centrifuge Barrel aging Filtering fining racking cold stablization Bottling ```

Question 53

Refractometer

Answer 53

Measures brix of grapes

Question 54

Brix

Answer 54

Measure of sugar content in a watery solution | Bx