lecture 10

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

the study of how organisms interact with eachother and their environment

Question 2

5 Levels of Ecology

Answer 2

organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere

Question 3

abiotic factors

Answer 3

non living

Question 4

biotic factors

Answer 4

living things

Question 5

weather

Answer 5

short term

Question 6

climate

Answer 6

long term

Question 7

why are some climates hot and some cold

Answer 7

based on amount of sunlight per unit

Question 8

hadley cell

Answer 8

explains why tropics are wet and why above and below that are dry deserts

Question 9

coriolis effect

Answer 9

caused by spinning of earth

Question 10

what are hadley cell and coriolis effect responsible for

Answer 10

different directions of winds and currents

Question 11

what causes seasons on earth

Answer 11

earths orbit and tilt

Question 12

what do mountain ranges cause for climate

Answer 12

create rain shadows

Question 13

what effect do oceans have on climate

Answer 13

moderate effect on temperature

Question 14

biomes

Answer 14

regions characterized by distinct abiotic characteristics and dominant vegetation

Question 15

what type of biomes exist

Answer 15

terrestrial and aquatic

Question 16

what abiotic factors influence terrestrial biomes

Answer 16

temperature, moisture, sunlight and wind

Question 17

what abiotic factors affect aquatic biomes

Answer 17

salinity, water depth, sunlight, water flow and nutrient change

Question 18

what impact have humans had on biomes

Answer 18

changing terrestrial landscape
pollute

Question 19

what does behavior mean

Answer 19

a response to a stimulus

Question 20

behavioral ecology

Answer 20

focuses on how the behavior of animals affects their ability to survive and reproduce

Question 21

proximate causation

Answer 21

explains biological function in terms of immediate physiological or environmental factors

Question 22

ultimate causation

Answer 22

refers to the past conditions having led to the information encoded in DNA

Question 23

FAPs

Answer 23

fixed action patterns

Question 24

Fitness trade-offs

Answer 24

The process through which a trait increases in fitness at the expense of decreased fitness in another tract

Question 25

cost benefit analysis

Answer 25

A concept encapsulating the idea of the animals traits all have benefits and costs

Question 26

Forging

Answer 26

Forging behavior includes all the methods by which an organism acquires and utilizes sources of energy and nutrients

Question 27

What is the optimal theory of foraging?

Answer 27

is a behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food

Question 28

what causes the onset of sexual behavior?

Answer 28

the sex hormones

Question 29

what influences the onset of sexual behavior

Answer 29

environmental cues

Question 30

which gender has a selection advantage and why?

Answer 30

Females because they are more picky in the process

Question 31

what are three ways animals navigate

Answer 31

Plotting Compass orientation True navigation

Question 32

what is the circadian clock?

Answer 32

Physical, mental and behavioral changes that follow 24 hour cycle

Question 33

what exactly is communication?

Answer 33

The process were a signal from one individual modifies the behavior of a recipient individual

Question 34

how can animals communicate?

Answer 34

Touch, sound scent and sight

Question 35

what is altruism

Answer 35

an action that decreases your own individual ability to produce offspring but helps others

Question 36

when is altruism most likely?

Answer 36

if they are related to you If you were not going to benefit

Question 37

how does altruism differ from the other concepts we have been studying

Answer 37

Hurts Individuals helps population.

Question 38

what is the most extreme form of altruism?

Answer 38

Eusociality

Question 39

Personal fitness

Answer 39

own offspring

Question 40

inclusive fitness

Answer 40

Combines indirect fitness of helping relatives, produce offspring plus direct fitness of all self producing offspring

Question 41

Kin selection…

Answer 41

Decreases direct fitness, but increases indirect

Question 42

Fitness resulting in…

Answer 42

Overall increase of inclusive fitness

Question 43

what is it called when altruism happens when not related

Answer 43

Reciprocal altruism

Question 44

how do cooperation and mutualism differ from altruism

Answer 44

Help others and your own fitness

Question 45

Cooperation

Answer 45

If within the same species

Question 46

mutualism

Answer 46

Different species