Lecture 10 Flashcards

(21 cards)

1
Q

What is gene flow?

A

Movement and establishment of alleles

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2
Q

What are the two events required for gene flow?

A

gene movement and gene establishment

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3
Q

What is gene movement?

A
  • movement of individuals
  • movement of their gametes
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4
Q

What is gene establishment?

A
  • survival
  • reproduction
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5
Q

What are the different population subdivisions?

A
  • no subdivision
  • extreme subdivision (no migration, no gene flow)
  • some subdivision (some migration, some gene flow)
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6
Q

What are the two ways we measure migration (gene flow)?

A
  • direct methods (ex. mark and recapture)
  • indirect methods (ex. molecular marker variation)
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7
Q

What does it mean when a population is genetically differentiated?

A

when populations differ in allele frequencies

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8
Q

What does it mean when two adjacent populations are genetically differentiated?

A

gene flow is not happening between them

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9
Q

What is differentiation is measured with?

A

Fst

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10
Q

What does Fst measure?

A

variation in allele frequencies among populations. Ranges from 0-1

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11
Q

What does Fst compare?

A

compares the average expected heterozygosuty of individual subpopulations (s) to the total expected heterozygosity if the subpopulations are combined (t)

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12
Q

What does a Fst value of 1 mean?

A

complete isolation between subpopulations. They are fixed for different alleles

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13
Q

What does an Fst value of 0 mean?

A

all subpopulations have the same allele frequencies (panmixis)

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14
Q

how do gene flow and genetic drift interact?

A

gene flow balances with genetic drift causing populations to be differentiated from one another

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15
Q

When does genetic divergence increase between subpopulations in terms of distance?

A

genetic divergence between pairs of populations increases with the geographic distance between them

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16
Q

How does population subdivision impact genetic drift?

A

population subdivisions enhances the effects of genetic drift,

17
Q

How does gene flow counteract subdivision?

A

by homogenezing allele frequencies, making allele frequencies more similar among populations

18
Q

How does population subdivision cause some level of inbreeding?

A
  • reduced mating pool
  • more alleles are identical by descent
19
Q

Since selection can affect average heterozygosity, what do we do for testing?

A

we use non-coding/neutral loci for tests

20
Q

What is a useful metric for quantifying the degree of inbreeding and the amount of population structure?

A

average heterozygosity

21
Q

How does population structure imapct genetic variation?

A

can add to it or reduce it