lecture 10 Flashcards

Question

How are Cluster B Borderline Personality Disorders Characterised

Answer 1

Pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self- image, and affect, and marked impulsivity * Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment * A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterised by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation * Identity disturbance * Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self- damaging * Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, threats, or self- mutilating behavior * Affective instability due a marked reactivity of mood * Chronic feelings of emptiness * Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger * Transient, stress-related paranoid ideation or severe dissociative symptoms

Answer 2

1-2% Overall - 10% of outpatients - 15-20% of inpatients - Female:male ratio = 3:1 (old stats) but 1:1 (current stats)

Answer 3

- 80% meet criteria for major depression - 10% meet criteria for bipolar disorder - 67% meet criteria for substance use disorder - Often comorbid with schizotypal, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorder - 25% make at least one attempt at suicide - 8-10% will die by suicide

Answer 4

* Modest genetic transmission * Childhood abuse * Other “bad” childhood experiences including: - Poverty - Marital discord - Parental separations - Parental substance abuse - Family violence

Answer 5

* Antidepressants widely used, but little evidence to support their use—might help with comorbid depression * Dialectical behaviour therapy - Focus on dual reality of acceptance of difficulties and need for change - Focus on interpersonal effectiveness - Focus on distress tolerance to decrease reckless/self-harming behavior

Answer 6

Pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of settings * Uncomfortable in situations in which they are not the focus of attention * Interaction with others is often characterized by inappropriate sexually seductive or provocative behavior * Displays rapidly shifting and shallow expression of emotions * Consistently uses physical appearance to draw attention to self * Has a style of speech that is excessively impressionistic and lacking in detail * Shows self-dramatization, theatricality, and exaggerated expression of emotion * Is easily influenced by others/circumstances * Considers relationships more intimate than they actually are

Answer 7

1% overall - more common in women

Answer 8

lack of research

Answer 9

* Focus on attention seeking and long-term negative consequences * Focus on problematic interpersonal behaviours * Little evidence treatment is effective

Answer 10

Pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts * Grandiose sense of self-importance * Preoccupied with fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty, or ideal love * Believes they are unique and special and can only be understood by other special high-status people * Requires excessive admiration * Has a sense of entitlement * Takes advantage of others to get their way * Lacks empathy * Envious of others or believes others envy them * Shows arrogant behaviours and attitudes

Answer 11

1% overall - more common in men

Answer 12

* Grandiose narcissism - Parental overvaluation * Vulnerable narcissism -Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, intrusive, controlling, and cold parenting styles

Answer 13

* Focus on grandiosity, lack of empathy, unrealistic thinking * Emphasize realistic goals and coping skills for dealing with criticism * Little evidence treatment is effective

Answer 14

Pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts * Avoids occupational activities that involve significant interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism, disapproval, and rejection * Unwilling to get involved with people unless certain of being liked * Shows restraint within intimate relationships because of fear of being shamed or ridiculed * Preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations * Inhibited in new interpersonal situations because of feelings of inadequacy * Views self as socially inept, personally unappealing, or inferior to others * Usually reluctant to take personal risks or to engage in any new activities because they may prove embarrassing

Answer 15

2-3% overall - more common in women

Answer 16

* Modest genetic contribution * Emotional abuse, rejection, or humiliation from parents

Answer 17

* Focus on social skills, entering anxiety-provoking situations

Answer 18

Pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clingy behaviour and fears of separation present in a variety of contexts * Difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others * Needs others to assume responsibility in most major areas of their life * Difficulty expressing disagreement with others because of fear of loss of support or approval * Difficulty initiating projects or doing things on their own * Goes to excessive lengths to obtain nurturance and support from others, to the point of volunteering to do things that are unpleasant * Feels uncomfortable or helpless when alone because of exaggerated fears of being unable to care for themselves * Urgently seeks another relationship as a source of care/support when a close relationship ends * Unrealistically preoccupied with fears of being left to take care of themselves

Answer 19

1% overall - more common in women

Answer 20

* Small to moderate genetic contribution * Authoritarian and overprotective parents (lack of research though)

Answer 21

* Lack of evidence that any treatment works

Answer 22

Pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency * Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, order, organization, or schedules to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost * Perfectionism interferes with task completion * Excessively devoted to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships * Overconscientious, scrupulous, and inflexible about matters of morality, ethics, or values * Unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects that have no sentimental value * Reluctant to delegate work to others unless they submit to exactly his or her way of doing things * Adopts a miserly spending style; money should be hoarded for future catastrophes

Answer 23

2% overall - slightly more common in men

Answer 24

* Modest genetic contribution

Answer 25

* Target rumination, procrastination, and feelings of inadequacy * Not a lot of evidence that treatment works

lecture 10 Flashcards

Personality Disorders (51 cards)