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Bio Exam 2 > Lecture 10- Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Lecture 10- Cell Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three functions of cell division?

A

Growth & development, reproduction, and tissue renewal

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2
Q

What is chromatin?

A

Complex of loose DNA and proteins, located in the nucleus

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3
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

DNA wound around histone proteins

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4
Q

What is ploidy?

A

The number of sets of chromosomes

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5
Q

What is a centromere?

A

The region of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids

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6
Q

What is the first step of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

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7
Q

What ploidy change occurs during mitosis?

A

Ploidy does not change during mitosis

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8
Q

What type of chromosomes do prokaryotes have?

A

Single circular chromosome

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9
Q

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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10
Q

What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

A

G1- Cell spends 90% of its life

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11
Q

What occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?

A

Protein manufacturing, cell functions and communication, replication of non-chromosomal contents

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12
Q

What occurs during the S phase of interphase?

A

Chromosomes duplicate (DNA synthesis) into identical sister chromatids and kinetochores begin to form

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13
Q

What occurs during the G2 phase of interphase?

A

Rapid cell growth & centrioles duplicate

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14
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense, mitotic spindle forms, nuclear envelope and nucleolus disappear, & centrosomes move to opposite poles

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15
Q

When does metaphase begin?

A

When the spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores

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16
Q

What occurs during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align along metaphase plate (equatorial line)

17
Q

When does metaphase end?

A

When the chromosomes are finished lining up at the equator

18
Q

What is the longest phase of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

19
Q

What occurs during anaphase?

A

Cohesion proteins cleaved by an enzyme, causes chromosomes to move to opposite poles (disjunction)

20
Q

What is the shortest phase of mitosis?

A

Anaphase

21
Q

What occurs during telophase?

A

Nuclear envelopes reform around the two new daughter cells

22
Q

What occurs during cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divides, each daughter cell gets a full set of chromosomes and organelles

23
Q

What structure is formed during cytokinesis in an animal cell?

A

Cleavage furrow

24
Q

What structure is formed during cytokinesis in a plant cell?

A

Cell plate

25
Q

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?

A

23 pairs of 2, 46 total chromosomes

26
Q

How many chromosomes do human gametes contain?

A

Haploid (n)= 23

27
Q

What is the overall goal of mitosis?

A

Make identical daughter cells

28
Q

What are centrosomes composed of?

A

2 centrioles

29
Q

Where do kinetochores grow from?

A

Centromere

Bio Exam 2 (9 decks)

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