Lecture 10 - Elbow, wrist and the hand Flashcards
(17 cards)
Outline the bones and joints of the upper limb
30 bones
Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Joints
Shoulder, elbow, radioulna, wrist, carpo-metacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, interphalangeal
Outline the elbow joint
Radial tuberosity
Ulna tuberosity - flattens out into the coronoid process
Olecranon process of ulna
Trochlea of humerus - where the ulna hooks onto (trochlea notch)
Only movement on one plane - hinge joint - flexion/extension
Outline the proximal radioulna joint
Pivot joint
Permits pronation and supination
Angular ligament
Radius can rotate over the top of the ulna
What are the muscles of the elbow and proximal radioulna joints?
Anterior - Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis
- Pronator teres, Pronator quadratus
Posterior - Triceps brachii, Anconeus
- Supinator
Outline the Biceps brachii
Long head O- Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Short head O- Coracoid process of the scapula
Both insert on the radial tuberosity
Flexion
Supination
Outline the Brachialis
O - Anterior humerus
I - Coronoid process of ulna
Flexion
Outline the Brachioradialis
O - Supracondylar ridge of humerus
I - Styloid process of radius
Flexion, pronation from supinated to neutral
Supination from pronated position to neutral
Outline the Pronator teres
O - Medial humerus, medial ulna
I - Lateral radius
Pronation
Weak elbow flexion
Outline the Pronator quadratus
O - Distal anterior ulna
I - Distal anterior radius
Pronation
Outline the Triceps brachii
Long head O - Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial head - O - medial posterior humerus
Lateral head O - lateral posterior humerus
All insert onto the olecranon process of the ulna
Extension
Outline the anconeus
O - Lateral posterior condyle of humerus
I - Posterior upper ulna
Extension
Outline the supinator
O - Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I - Lateral surface of radius
Supination
Outline movements at the wrist
Mostly between the radius and proximal carpals
Condyloid joints between radius and first 2 carpals
Carpometacarpal of thumb - saddle - triaxial movement
What are the wrist flexors?
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
What are the wrist extensors?
Extensor digitorum
Extensor pollicis longus / brevis
Extensor carpi radialis longus / brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor digiti minimi
Outline lateral epicondylitis
Tennis elbow
Affects 3% of population
Overuse injury of the wrist extensors/ supinator
Wrist extension
Outline carpal tunnel syndrome
Overuse injury and common form of repetitive strain injury
Symptoms - numbness, decreased sensation
Causes - Repetitive gripping, tendon inflammation, compresses median nerve
