Lecture 10 - Non-Herbicidal Weed Management

Question 1

3 main tactics of non-herbicidal weed control

Answer 1

1. increasing crop competitiveness
2. preventing weed species dominance
3. limiting weed invasion

Question 2

how do you increase crop competitiveness

Answer 2

• species characteristics (germination, emergence, and early establishment)
• method of planting (broadcast, drill rows, row crops/row spacing)
• date of seeding (when conditions suit crop/delayed seeding)
• seeding rate (high rate)
• fertilizer (rate, timing, placement)
• tillage (timing, type

Question 3

3 ways tillage and cultivation influence weed

Answer 3

• uproot, dismember, and bury growing weeds
• change soil environment to promote or inhibit germination and establishment
• move weeds vertically and horizontally

Question 4

when is mechanical weed management most effective

Answer 4

when multiple operations are performed

Question 5

_______ cultivation can kill small seedlings before they establish

Answer 5

shallow

Question 6

_______ cultivation can dig out weeds and throw soil over small weeds

Answer 6

inter-row

Question 7

________ tillage can suppress perennials and encourage early germination

Answer 7

fall

Question 8

benefits of tillage to soil

Answer 8

increases aeration and reduces bulk density

Question 9

negative impacts of tillage on soil

Answer 9

• more susceptible to wind and water erosion
• dries soil
• decreases soil tilth
• decreases soil organic matter

Question 10

stale seedbed method

Answer 10

till, wait for weed flush, till/spray, and then seed (controls weed seedlings and give critical weed free period)

Question 11

conventional seeding

Answer 11

uses multiple tillage passes (fall, spring) prior to seeding

Question 12

reduced tillage

Answer 12

reduction of some of the tillage passes (usually no longer till in fall)

Question 13

direct seeding (no till)

Answer 13

seeding and fertilization is completed in a single operation (no additional tillage)

Question 14

post-emergent harrowing

Answer 14

fine line between crop damage and weed control and is most effective on small-seeded, shallow-rooted weeds and large seeded crops

Question 15

cultivators

Answer 15

severs roots of large weeds, uproot small weeds and bury both in soil by soil mixing (degree depends on blade angle)

Question 16

discs and rotary tillers

Answer 16

chop up weeds and crop residues and mix with soil

Question 17

how to control perennials with tillage

Answer 17

controlled by exhaustion of root reservesr through removal of shoots by tillage repeatedly

Question 18

robotic weed control

Answer 18

autonomous vehicles that use a combination of tillage, plucking, or herbicides to control weeds

Question 19

mulches

Answer 19

physical prevention of weed emergence by providing barrier (control depends on thickness and durability)

Question 20

types of mulches

Answer 20

plastic mulches
living mulches

Question 21

_______ _______ is the most important cultural weed management tool in field crop production

Answer 21

crop rotation

Question 22

how does rotational diversity control weeds

Answer 22

it makes methods and practices unpredictable, so weeds cannot adapt

Question 23

ranks these crops in highest to lowest competitive ability: fall rye, flax, spring wheat, winter wheat, canola, row crops, barley

Answer 23

fall rye, winter wheat, barley, canola, spring wheat, flax, row crops

Question 24

types of smother crops

Answer 24

perennial forages
annual forages

Question 25

requirements for a perennial forage smother crop

Answer 25

- strong competitor - deep rooting - frequently harvested

Question 26

requirements for an annual forage smother crop

Answer 26

- strong competitors - frequently harvested

Question 27

flaming

Answer 27

selective or non selective for in crops where the meristem in underground or crops are tall and woody

Question 28

mowing

Answer 28

- repeated mowing can kill some weeds (like perennials) and is ideal in forages

Question 29

solarization

Answer 29

cover moist soil with plastic for 2-4 wks and basically cook all living material underneath (seeds, roots, rhizomes)

Question 30

prevention

Answer 30

measures taken to avoid the introduction, establishment, and spread of specific weeds in areas they do not currently occur

Question 31

prevention practices

Answer 31

- use of certified seed - hedge row management - cleaning equipment - animals - greenfeed cutting - scouting

Question 32

weed species will _______ in relative abundance in response to any and all management factors imposed on them

Answer 32

change