lecture 10- synchrony

Question 1

behavioural _______ is essential for successful social interaction

Answer 1

-coordination

Question 1

sensorimotor synchronisation

Answer 1

Sensorimotor synchronisation is the coordination of rhythmic movement with an external rhythm, ranging from finger tapping in time with a metronome to musical ensemble performance

Question 2

interpersonal synchronisation

Answer 2

in real life synchronisation with an external rhythm, as in dancing or music performance, usually takes place in a social context where several persons are moving simultaneously -Interpersonal Synchronisation.

Question 3

synchronised activities

Answer 3

Walking (van Ulzen et al., 2008; Zivotofsky & Hausdorff, 2007)

Limb movements (Issartel et al., 2007; Schmidt et al., 1990)

Postural sway (Shockley, Santana & Fowler, 2003)

The swinging of handheld pendulums (Richardson et al., 2005)

The motion of rocking chairs (Richardson et al., 2007)

Question 4

what are the benefits of interpersonal synchronisation

Answer 4

similar to mimicry
, performing actions that are coordinated with an interaction partner elicits feelings of connectedness and interpersonal rapport

Question 5

benefits of interpersonal synchronisation- connectedness
examples

Answer 5

This relationship between coordinated behaviour and social perception has been demonstrated in a variety of settings
: Parent-child bonding (Isabella et al., 1989)
Intimate relationships (Julien et al., 2000)
Teacher-student interactions (LaFrance,1979)
Critical determinant of successful social interactions

Question 6

how is synchrony different from mimicry

Answer 6

-Two (or more) coupled oscillators

-Such as the repeated movements of interacting individuals (e.g., the limb movements of two people walking side-by-side)

Interpersonal coordination can be intentionally instructed

doing as I do’ vs. ‘doing as I do, as I do it’

Question 7

synchronisation

Answer 7

Self-organisation – we spontaneously and dynamically (i.e., over time) adapt to the partner and synchronise our behaviour

Question 8

researchers can estimate dynamic changes and…

Answer 8

record the degree of synchrony in phase and out phase

Question 9

phases of coordination

Answer 9

-in phase coordination-
-anti phase coordination

Question 10

phases of synchrony in relationships

Answer 10

While the actions of interacting individuals routinely move through the various intermediary stages of the relative phase relationship, over time they typically settle in a state of in-phase or anti-phase coordination
This effect arises because in-phase and anti-phase coordination reflect the globally stable attractor states for coupled oscillators (Haken et al., 1985), and indeed interpersonal coordination

Question 11

why do we naturally settle for synchronous behaviour

Answer 11

-we like people when they are in a more stable forms of interpersonal coordination

Question 12

phases of coordination - social cognition study

Answer 12

-ppts demonstrated enhanced memory for an interaction partner’s utterances and facial appearance
-in phase synchrony = better person related memory
-these findings underscore the importance of action perception to social cognition

Question 13

synchronisation enhances basic ______ and ______ abilities

Answer 13

perceptual and motor

Question 14

does synchrony enhance perceptual sensitivity

Answer 14

Rocking in synchrony enhanced individuals’ perceptual sensitivity to the motion of other entities and thereby increased their success in a subsequent joint-action task that required the ability to dynamically detect and respond appropriately to a partner’s movements

Question 15

swaying together experiment

Answer 15

Sway independently at their own preferred rate
Not only did participants unintentionally adopt the same rocking pace as their partner, but they did so even when the chairs had different frequencies of oscillation.
Participants worked against the natural tendency of the chairs to desynchronize to maintain behavioural harmony

Question 16

determinants of synchrony
-what is required

Answer 16

Visual or auditory information is required
Biomechanical information (e.g., holding hands when walking)

Question 17

determinants of synchrony
-individual differences

Answer 17

-individual differences - pro social vs pro self

-conversely negative social experiences may reduce the likelihood of spontaneous synchronisation

Question 18

determinants of synchrony
context

Answer 18

social context eg such as being late can moderate synchrony

Question 19

fluctuations in synchronised clapping is due to….

Answer 19

Fluctuations in the degree of synchronized clapping among the members of an audience are self-organized with respect to their desire to express appreciation (Neda et al.,2000)

Schmidt et al. (1994) have reported that individual differences in social competence impact the characteristics of synchrony within a dyad.

Question 20

physiological benefits of synchrony

Answer 20

Cardiac and respiratory patterns synchronize between persons during choir singing (Muller & Lindenberger, 20