Lecture Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
Functions of Digestive System [I, S, M/P, DG, A , DF]
A
Ingestion, Secretion, Mixture and Propulsion, Digestion, Absorption, and Defecation
2
Q
What type of tissue does the peritoneum have?
A
Smooth epithelial tissue
3
Q
These are the connective tissue of organs in the abdominal cavity.
A
Mesenteries
4
Q
The mesentery that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to liver and diaphragm.
A
Lesser omentum
5
Q
The mesentery that connects the greater curvature of stomach to the transverse colon and posterior body wall.
A
Greater omentum
6
Q
This contains stratified squamous epithelia and is considered as the first part of the digestive system.
A
Oral Cavity
7
Q
They produce a substance that contains enzymes to break down carbohydrates into glucose, cleanse the mouth, as well as, dissolve food.
A
Salivary glands
8
Q
The type of enzymes that break down carbohydrates.
A
Amylase
9
Q
The type of enzymes that are active against bacteria.
A
Lysozyme
10
Q
The structure that houses taste buds and mucus
A
Tongue
11
Q
How many teeth does an average adult have?
A
32 teeth
12
Q
There are how many primary teeth?
A
20 teeth
13
Q
Structure of the tooth: C, C, N, R
A
Crown, Cusp, Neck, Root
14
Q
What is the center of a tooth?
A
Pulp Cavity
15
Q
This is a hard covering that protects teeth against abrasions.
A
Enamel
16
Q
What covers the root of tooth?
A
Cementum
17
Q
What is the roof of the oral cavity?
A
Palate
18
Q
(T/F) The hard palate is the posterior part of the oral cavity.
A
False - The hard palate is the anterior part.
19
Q
(T/F) The soft palate is the posterior part of the oral cavity.
A
True - The soft palate is the posterior part.
20
Q
The inflammation of parotid glands.
A
Mumps
21
Q
The type of secretion for the parotid gland.
A
Purely serous
22
Q
The type of secretion for the submandibular gland.
A
Mixed predominantly serous
23
Q
The type of secretion for the sublingual gland.
A
Mixed predominantly mucous
24
Q
What connects the mouth to the esophagus?
A
Pharynx (Throat)
25
What connects the pharynx to the stomach?
Esophagus
26
It is when gastric juices regurgitate into the esophagus.
Heartburn
27
What phase of swallowing involves having bolus formed in the mouth and pushing it into the oropharynx?
Voluntary phase
28
What phase of swallowing involves the the stimulation of receptors in the oropharynx?
Pharyngeal phase
29
A phase of swallowing where food moves from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophageal phase
30
A phase of swallowing where wave-like contractions move food into the digestive tract.
Peristalsis
31
It refers to a network of nerves between the layers of the muscular propria in the gastrointestinal system.
Myenteric plexus/Auerbach’s
| plexus
32
It is the storage tank for food and produces mucus, hydrochloric acid and protein digesting enzymes.
The stomach
33
What is the pH level of the stomach wall?
pH 3
34
How many liters of food can the stomach take?
2 liters of food
35
It produces the churning action in the stomach.
Thick muscular layer
36
These are the large folds that allows the stomach to stretch.
Rugae
37
It is the paste-like substance that forms when food begins to break down.
Chyme
38
It is the opening between the stomach and small intestine.
Pyloric opening
39
It is the thick, ring of smooth muscle around the pyloric opening.
Pyloric sphincter
40
The contraction by low blood glucose levels of the stomach every 12-24 hours after a meal.
Hunger pangs
41
The stomach secretions are initiated by special senses in this phase of the regulation of stomach secretion.
Cephalic phase
42
The phase in regulation of stomach secretion where partially digested proteins and distention of stomach are promoting secretion.
Gastric phase
43
The phase in regulation of stomach secretion where acidic chyme stimulates neuronal reflexes and secretions of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions by negative feedback loops.
Intestinal phase
44
Movement in the stomach performing weak contractions and thoroughly mixing food to form chyme.
Mixing waves
45
Stronger contractions of the stomach that forces chyme towards and through the pyloric sphincter.
Peristaltic waves
46
After a regular meal, how many hours does the stomach get emptied? how many hours for a high fatty meal?
4 hours after a regular meal and 6-8 hours after a high fatty meal
47
What stimulates stomach secretions?
Hormonal and neural mechanisms
48
[Cells in the stomach]
Which cell produces the following secretory products?
Mucin in an alkaline fluid
[Choices: Surface mucous cells, Mucous neck cells, Parietal cells, Chief cells, G cells/enteroendocrine cells]
Surface mucous cells
49
[Cells in the stomach]
Which cell produces the following secretory products?
Mucin in an acidic fluid
[Choices: Surface mucous cells, Mucous neck cells, Parietal cells, Chief cells, G cells/enteroendocrine cells]
Mucous neck cells
50
[Cells in the stomach]
Which cell produces the following secretory products?
HCI and intrinsic factor
[Choices: Surface mucous cells, Mucous neck cells, Parietal cells, Chief cells, G cells/enteroendocrine cells]
Parietal cells
51
[Cells in the stomach]
Which cell produces the following secretory products?
Pepsinogen and lipase
[Choices: Surface mucous cells, Mucous neck cells, Parietal cells, Chief cells, G cells/enteroendocrine cells]
Chief cells
52
[Cells in the stomach]
Which cell produces the following secretory products?
Gastrin
[Choices: Surface mucous cells, Mucous neck cells, Parietal cells, Chief cells, G cells/enteroendocrine cells]
G cells/enteroendocrine cells
53
The length of the small intestine.
6 meter
54
(T/F) Chyme takes 3-5 hours to pass through the small intestine.
True
55
It is the major absorptive organ of the digestive system.
Small intestine
56
What is the length of the duodenum?
[Choices: 2.5m, 3.5m, 4.5m, 25cm]
25 cm long
57
What is the length of the Jejunum?
[Choices: 2.5m, 3.5m, 4.5m, 25cm]
2.5 meters long
58
What is the length of the Ileum?
[Choices: 2.5m, 3.5m, 1.5m, 25cm]
3.5 meters long
59
It is the structure that is most proximal to the appendix and joins the small intestine at the ileocecal junction.
Cecum
60
This structure functions to absorb water from indigestible food.
Large intestine
61
The 9cm structure that is often removed.
Appendix
62
What is 1.5cm long and contains the following regions: ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid regions
Colon
63
It is the straight tube that begins at the sigmoid and ends at the anal canal.
Rectum
64
How many hours can food pass through the anal canal?
18-24 hours
65
These are products of water, indigestible food, and microbes.
Feces
66
Microbes synthesize what vitamin?
Vitamin K
67
[About accessory organs]
It located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen the under diaphragm.
Liver
68
[About accessory organs]
This is a part of the liver where it receives blood from the hepatic artery and acts as a gate for blood vessels, ducts, and nerves to enter and exit.
Porta
69
[About accessory organs]
This liver duct transports bile out of the liver.
Hepatic duct
70
[About accessory organs]
This liver duct is formed from the left and right hepatic duct.
Common hepatic duct
71
[About accessory organs]
The liver duct that is joining the common hepatic duct and is from the gallbladder.
Cystic duct
72
[About accessory organs]
This is formed from the common hepatic duct and cystic duct.
Common bile duct
73
[About accessory organs]
A small sac on the inferior surface of the liver and is responsible for storing and concentrating bile.
Gall bladder
74
[About accessory organs]
The combined duct empties into what structure?
Duodenum at the duodenal papilla.
75
[About accessory organs]
The liver secretes 700ml of this substance each day and dilutes + neutralizes stomach acids for breaking down fats.
Bile
76
[About accessory organs]
This is located posterior to the stomach and inferior of the left upper quadrant.
Pancreas
77
[About accessory organs]
Where is the head of the pancreas located?
Near the midline of the body
78
[About accessory organs]
Where is the tail of the pancreas?
Extends to the left and touches the spleen
79
[About accessory organs]
What hormones does the endocrine tissues produce with the pancreatic islet? They aid in glucose production.
Insulin and glucagon
80
[About accessory organs]
They help produce digestive enzymes in the pancreas.
Exocrine Tissues
81
Food -> Carbohydrates -> ?
[Choices: Monosaccharides, Fatty acids and Monoglycerides, Amino Acids]
Monosaccharides
82
Food -> Lipids -> ?
[Choices: Monosaccharides, Fatty acids and Monoglycerides, Amino Acids]
Fatty acids and Monoglycerides
83
Food -> Proteins-> ?
[Choices: Monosaccharides, Fatty acids and Monoglycerides, Amino Acids]
Amino acids
84
These split into disaccharides by salivary and pancreatic amylases.
Polysaccharides
85
It is the digestion where peptides and amino acids are involved in absorbing intestinal epi. cells.
Protein Digestion
86
It is the digestion involving bile salts emulsifying lipids.
Lipid Digestion
87
What digestion has the process of absorbing glucose by cotransport with Na+ into the intestinal epithelium?
Carbohydrate Digestion
