Lecture 11: Cropping Systems Flashcards
1
Q
CROPPING SYSTEMS
A
- cropping sequences and management techniques
2
Q
KAINGIN
A
- land clearing followed by cutting of vegetation and burning
- gives way to planting of crops
3
Q
FALLOW
A
- rest from cropping
4
Q
FARMING SYSTEMS AND SOIL RESOURCES INSTITUTE
A
- institute established in CAFS in the 70’s
5
Q
TYPES OF CROPPING SYSTEMS
A
- monocropping
- multiple cropping
6
Q
MONOCROPPING
A
- same crop year after year
- e.g. rice, wheat, corn, soybean, cotton
7
Q
MULTIPLE CROPPING
A
- two or more crops in the same piece of land
8
Q
TYPES OF MULTIPLE CROPPING
A
- intercropping
- mixed cropping
9
Q
INTERCROPPING
A
- requires spatial arrangement
10
Q
MIXED CROPPING
A
- does not require definite row arrangement
11
Q
RICE
A
- 3M planted to lowland rice
- 2M rainfed (idle in dry season)
12
Q
CORN
A
- 3M rainfed
- could not support dry-season cropping
13
Q
RICE-BASED AND CORN-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
A
- sequential
- relay cropping
- intercropping
14
Q
SEQUENTIAL
A
- two or more crops one after the other
- crop rotation
15
Q
ADVANTAGES OF SEQUENTIAL OVER MONOCROPPING
A
- increased yield (60-100% in corn and 100-140% in wheat))
2.better control of weeds, pests, and diseases - build up of organic matter
- balanced utilization of nutrients
- better distribution of farm labor
- less economic risks
16
Q
ACTUAL SEQUENTIAL PRACTICES
A
- hybrid rice - GM corn (Pangasinan, Tarlac)
- rice - onion
- rice - watermelon
- rice - mungbean
- peanut - rice
17
Q
EXUDATES AND LEACHATES
A
- secreted by living plant tissues and roots
- have selective stimulatory effects
18
Q
CONSTRAINTS OF SEQUENTIAL
A
- additional investment cost
- life cycle of crops (perennial more amenable to intercropping)
19
Q
RELAY CROPPING
A
- two or more crops simultaneously
- one crop is planted soon after the other has flowered
- e.g. pole sitao and corn
20
Q
INTERCROPPING
A
- two or more crops simultaneously
- with considerable overlap in growing periods
- e.g. corn and upland rice; corn and peanut
21
Q
COCONUT
A
- 3M planted (27% of total cropland)
- 4M people dependent on the industry
22
Q
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ON COCONUT INDUSTRY
A
- low productivity
- low farm gate price
- high transport and handling cost
- low government support
23
Q
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS IN COCONUT INDUSTRY
A
- inefficient land use
- inefficient light utilization
24
Q
LIGHT UTILIZATION IN COCONUTS
A
- 44% light interception
- 56% available to crops
25
PERIODS WITH HIGH AMOUNT OF LIGHT IN COCONUTS
1. first 5 years
2. after 25 years from planting
26
AGRONOMIC ADVANTAGE OF COCONUT-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
1. better retention of water
2. reduced evaporation of water
3. improved soil fertility
4. better weed control
5. provides shade
27
SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF COCONUT-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
1. source of additional income
2. increased employment
3. provide cushion against impact of price fluctuation
28
SUNLIGHT INTENSITY (TOP OF COCONUT CANOPIES)
1. 6600 ft-candles
2. 300-330 PAR
29
SUNLIGHT INTENSITY (UNDER COCONUT CANOPIES)
1. 1100-2500 ft-candles
2. 50-119 PAR
30
PAR
1. photosynthetic active radiation
31
SUITABLE INTERCROPS FOR COCONUT (FIELD PLANTING TO 6 YEARS)
1. cereals - corn, upland rice
2. legumes - peanut, cowpea
3. root crops - sweet potato, gabi
4. short-term fruit crops - pineapple, calamansi
5. vegetable crops - tomato, cabbage
32
SUITABLE INTERCROPS FOR COCONUT (7-25 YEARS)
1. shade tolerant crops - black pepper, cacao, coffee
33
SUITABLE INTERCROPS FOR COCONUT (>26 YEARS)
1. cereals - corn, upland rice
2. legumes - peanut, cowpea
3. root crops - sweet potato, gabi
4. fruit crops - pineapple, calamansi
5. vegetable crops - tomato, cabbage
6. plantation crops - cacao, abaca
7. wood and lumber trees - gmelina, mahogany
34
COCONUT-BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS
1. intercropping
2. double row method
3. catch cropping
35
ADVANTAGE OF INTEGRATING ANIMALS
1. holistic
2. provide meat, milk or eggs
3. provide farmyard manure
4. help in weed control
