Lecture 11:Rehabilitative regimes and cultures Flashcards
What are some key aspects of rehabilitation programs within prisons?
…… activity
…….. offending behaviour programme- 3 things
Mostly …. behavioural
Prisons, especially training prisons, offer various ‘purposeful activities.’
They provide accredited offending behaviour programs
‘voluntary’ participation
involving risk assessment
treatment readiness.
Mostly cognitive-behavioural: Crime results from distorted thinking processes combined with socially and experientially learned and reinforced maladaptive behaviours
They often have fixed durations, involve groupwork, and show mixed evidence of effectiveness in terms of reconviction rates.
regarding the therapeutic nature of prisons in the context of rehabilitation what is the concept?
and what is the def of ….
There is a concept of ‘carceral clawback,’ as described by Carlen in 2002, indicating a retraction of security and control within the prison environment.
What does the “Risk-Need-Responsivity” (deficits focussed) approach, as outlined by Andrews and Bonta (2010), emphasize in terms of risk?
Risk: The intensity and type of intervention should align with the assessed level of the individual’s risk of re-offending.
Focus on high to medium-risk individuals; interventions may be potentially harmful to low-risk offenders.
should match how likely someone is to commit another crime.
Focus on high to medium-risk individuals; interventions may be potentially harmful to low-risk offenders.
What are the key components under the “Need” aspect of the “Risk-Need-Responsivity” (deficits focussed)approach?
Need: It focuses on dynamic factors, also known as criminogenic needs, with an emphasis on the ‘big four’ variables: pro-criminal attitudes and associates, anti-social personality, and offending history.
(big four variables).
pro-criminal attitudes and associates, anti-social personality, and offending history.
What does “Responsivity” entail in the context of the “Risk-Need-Responsivity” (deficits focussed) approach?
Responsivity: Treatment must be delivered using methods and styles that the offender responds to specifically. It also generalizes to using only what research suggests ‘works,’ following the guidelines of the Correctional Services Advice & Accreditation Panel.
Help use methods that work for the person based on research.
What is the essence of ‘The Good Lives Model’ (strength based) in understanding and addressing problematic behavior?
The Good Lives Model (GLM):
People are inherently goal-directed and pursue ‘primary goods’ to enhance psychological well-being and personal fulfillment.
These goods are achieved through ‘secondary goods’ such as relationships, education, careers, sports, and hobbies.
Offending occurs when desired goods are not achievable appropriately, are too limited, in conflict with other goals, or when an individual lacks the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances.
People want things that make them happy (primary goods).
These are achieved through relationships, education, careers, etc.
Crime happens when someone can’t achieve these things properly.
How does treatment under ‘The Good Lives Model’ differ from traditional approaches?
Treatment under The Good Lives Model focuses on holistically and pro-socially meeting the desired goods, emphasizing that avoidance goals (or elimination) alone are not always sufficient or possible. The goal is to enable individuals to lead not just a less harmful life but a good and fulfilling one, as proposed by Ward in 2002 and Ward with Stewart in 2003.
What are the 3 key features of the Therapeutic Community (TC) regime
Small group therapy, group meetings, and resident involvement.
People share insights into their lives and adapt to the community’s way of life.
Positive expectations, self-determination, and fostering a sense of community
What are some key features of the Therapeutic Community (TC) regime, particularly in terms of group therapy and principles?
Implementation of small group psychosocial therapy
Emphasis on psychic determinism, where everything is considered to have meaning
Adoption of ‘slow open’ groups with a non-directive approach
Active involvement of residents as auxiliary therapists
Psychodrama and art therapy
In the Therapeutic Community (TC) regime, what are some elements that contribute to its community-oriented and participatory nature?
Regular community meetings
Emphasis on democratisation and a flattened hierarchy
Encouragement of self-policing and the exchange of therapeutic feedback
Utilization of commitment votes to involve residents in decision-making and commitment to the community’s principles
How does the Therapeutic Community (TC) regime promote a sense of communal living and social engagement among residents?
Assignment of representative jobs (rep jobs) and encouragement of communal living
Practice of communal dining
Arrangement of social evenings and facilitation of family visits to enhance social connections within the community
How does the provision of a ‘secure base’ and ‘corrective emotional experience’ relate to addressing early abuse, trauma, and insecure attachment in therapeutic interventions?
Early abuse, trauma, and insecure attachment lead to unconscious conflicting motives, fears, and unresolved conflicts.
The therapeutic approach involves providing a ‘secure base’ (Bowlby, 1988) and ‘corrective emotional experience’ (Yalom, 1995) to address maladaptive protective behaviors stemming from past experiences.
Past abuse and trauma can lead to conflicts and protective behaviors.
Providing a ‘secure base’ and ‘corrective emotional experience’ helps.
Social learning involves communication and problem-solving.
What are some key aspects of how Therapeutic Communities (TCs) function, as outlined by Stevens in 2013?
Development of insights into one’s life and behaviors.
Enculturation into ‘the TC way’ of living and interacting.
Formation of secure attachments to peers and staff role models.
Induction of the ‘Pygmalion effect’ through higher expectations.
Application of Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan, 1985).
Identification of ‘culture carriers’ and emphasis on normative compliance.
The potential to serve as a ‘turning point’ for positive change.
TCs help by gaining insights, adapting to the community, forming secure bonds, and having high expectations.
The community helps individuals change positively.
In the context of rehabilitative values and practices, what role do Therapeutic Communities (TCs) play, and how do they contribute to the broader understanding of creating a rehabilitative culture in prisons?
TCs, while distinct and marginal, exemplify the importance of creating a rehabilitative culture and enabling environment in prisons (Mann et al., 2018; Mann, 2019).
They showcase values crucial for treatment efficacy, as highlighted by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1953).
Emphasizes the significance of pro-social modeling by staff and the positive encouragement of change as essential components of a rehabilitative approach.
TCs may not suit everyone but show how to create a positive culture in all prisons.
Values are important for treatment effectiveness.
Staff play a crucial role in modeling positive behavior and encouraging change.
