LECTURE 12

Question 1

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 1

(heart attack) occurs when blood flow stops to part of the heart causing damage to the heart muscle;

Question 2

Circulatory System

Answer 2

(1) circulatory fluid (blood) (2) a set of interconnecting vessels (blood vessels) (3) muscular pump (heart)

Question 3

Atrium

Answer 3

a chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle

Question 4

Ventricle

Answer 4

(1) a heart chamber that pumps blood out of the heart (2) a space in the vertebrate brain, filled with cerebrospinal fluid

Question 5

Blood Vessel

Answer 5

(1) Arteries branch into arterioles and carry blood away from the heart [to the capillaries] (2) Capillary: microscopic vessels with very thin, porous walls; networks of them [capillary beds] infiltrate tissues and are the sites of chemical exchange between blood and IF (3) Venules converge into veins and return blood from capillaries to the heart

Question 6

Blood

Answer 6

a connective tissue with a fluid matrix called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells, and cell fragments called platelets are suspended

Question 7

Closed Circulation

Answer 7

a circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept separate from the IF; heart drives circulation
-Benefit: (1) high pressure [rapid transport] (2) directed flow (3) regulated distribution

Question 8

Hemolymph

Answer 8

In invertebrates with an open circulatory system, the body fluid that bathes tissues

Question 9

Double Circulation

Answer 9

a circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit {amphibians, reptiles, mammals}

Question 10

Gas Exchange Circuit

Answer 10

O2-poor blood flows through the gas exchange organ to pick up oxygen; pulmonary circuit in reptiles and mammals (lung); pulmocutaneous circuit in amphibians (lung: air, skin: water)

Question 11

Systemic Circuit

Answer 11

O2-rich blood delivers O2 throughout the body

Question 12

Pulmonary Arteries

Answer 12

pumps blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 13

Pulmonary Veins

Answer 13

O2 rich blood from the lungs enters the left atrium

Question 14

Atrium

Answer 14

A chamber of the vertebrate heart that receives blood from the veins and transfers blood to a ventricle

Question 15

Vena Cavas

Answer 15

blood returns to the heart through the superior vena cava (blood from head, neck, and forelimbs) and inferior vena cava (blood from trunk and hind limbs)
-both flow into the right atrium

Question 16

Muscle Activity

Answer 16

(1) systole: contraction (ejects blood)

2) diastole: relaxation (fills with blood

Question 17

Atrioventricular Valve (AV)

Answer 17

a heart valve located between each atrium and ventricle that prevents a backflow of blood when the ventricle contracts

Question 18

Semilunar Valve

Answer 18

A valve located at each exit of the heart, where the aorta leaves the left ventricle and the pulmonary artery leaves the right ventricle

Question 19

Sinoatrial (SA) node (Pacemaker)

Answer 19

A region in the right atrium of the heart that sets the rate and timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract; the pacemaker

Question 20

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 20

The alternating contractions and relaxations of the heart

Question 21

Cardiac Output

Answer 21

Heart rate (beats/min) x Stroke Volume (ml/beat)

Question 22

Pulse

Answer 22

The Rhythmic bulging of the artery walls with each heartbeat

Question 23

Atrialventricular (AV) node

Answer 23

a region of specialized heart muscle tissue between the left and right atria where electrical impulses are delayed for about ,1 seconds before spreading to both ventricles and causing them to contract

Question 24

Heartmurmur

Answer 24

Backflow of blood through a defective valve

Question 25

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

Answer 25

A record of the electrical impulses that travel through heart muscle during the cardiac cycle

Question 26

Bundle of His

Answer 26

unknown

Question 27

Purkinje Fibers

Answer 27

unknown

Question 28

Stroke

Answer 28

death of neurons in the brain, usually resulting from blockage of arteries in the head