Lecture 12- Communication 3

Question 1

SIgnals as accurate indicators

Answer 1

Conditions that favor the evolution
of signals as accurate, or “honest,”
indicators

Question 2

Conditions that favor the evolution of signals as accurate

Answer 2

1. Fitness interests of signaler and receiver are similar
2. Signals will be accurate when they cannot be faked
3. Signals will be accurate indicators when they are costly to produce or maintain

Question 3

Aposematic coloration

Answer 3

Brightly colored morphology in a species that stands out from the environment and is associated with noxious chemicals or poisons that make them unpalatable or dangerous prey

Question 4

Amplexus

Answer 4

The mating position of frogs and toads, in which the male clasps the female about the back. External fertalization

Question 5

Mullerian Mimicry

Answer 5

a phenomenon in which two or more species with effective defenses share a similar appearance or signaling

Question 6

Saporito et al. (2007): Why are dendrobatid frogs brightly colored?

Answer 6

Bright coloration is an aposematic signal to predators that prey are unpalatable

Question 7

Davies and Halliday: Croak pitch and body size in European toads (Bufo bufo)

Answer 7

The study revealed that small males were left alone more often when defended by low croaks

Question 8

Hibbitts et al. (2007): Barking Geckos body size and call frequency

Answer 8

Geckos that charged the speaker (playback) had significantly
lower dominant call frequencies and smaller relative throat
patches than those that did not charge

Question 9

Antler Flies

Answer 9

antler size correlated with body size; smaller males give up

Question 10

Roe Deer

Answer 10

antler size correlated with body size

Question 11

Aggressive Displays

Answer 11

Aggressive behavior often involves energetic displays before more intense fighting occurs