Lecture 12: Dahlgren & Whitehead Model Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the analogy used to describe determinants and interventions in population health?
The analogy of a river is used, where downstream interventions operate at the micro (proximal) level, and upstream interventions operate at the macro (distal) level.
What are proximal interventions?
Proximal interventions operate at the micro level, including treatment systems and disease management, and are determinants of health that are proximate to changes in health status.
What are distal interventions?
Distal interventions operate at the macro level, such as government policies and international trade agreements, and are determinants of health that are distant in time and/or place from changes in health status.
What are the causes of the causes in health determinants?
For individuals, causes of the causes include any event, characteristic, or definable entity that brings about a change in health, such as income, employment, education, and racism.
How do determinants of health differ for populations compared to individuals?
For populations, determinants of health are not just the application of individual perspectives but include characteristics of the population itself and the context in which the population exists.
What factors are considered at Level 1 in the Dahlgren & Whitehead model? What role do individual factors play in health?
Level 1 includes individual factors such as age, sex, constitutional factors, and individual lifestyle factors, often referred to as ‘non-modifiable’ determinants like genes and biology.
How does the ability to change behaviors vary among social groups?
The ability to change behaviors may vary by social group, influenced by their specific habitus.
What is meant by ‘habitus’ in the context of social groups?
Lifestyle, values, dispositions and expectation of particular social groups ‘learned’ through everyday activities
What factors are considered at Level 2 in the Dahlgren & Whitehead model? What role do social and community networks play in health?
Social and community networks, including families and friends, play a significant role in developing ‘normative’ behaviors and influence what is considered normal and acceptable in a community.
What is social capital?
Social capital refers to the value of social networks that facilitate bonds between similar groups of people, providing an inclusive environment for diverse backgrounds and promoting civic participation and volunteerism.
What does the phrase “it’s not what you know, but who you know” imply?
This phrase implies that social connections and networks can be more valuable than individual knowledge in influencing opportunities and outcomes
What are the different types of environments that influence health?
Health is influenced by various environments, including
physical (water quality, clean air),
built (design of communities),
cultural (knowledge and beliefs),
biological (toxins),
ecosystem (biodiversity, climate change),
political environments (approaches to improving population health).
What does the Current Living Standards Framework capture?
The Current Living Standards Framework captures resources and aspects of life important for the wellbeing of individuals, families, whānau, and communities, as well as the role of institutions in safeguarding and building wealth.
What does the wealth of Aotearoa New Zealand in the Current Living Standards Framework capture?
Captures how wealthy we are in aggregate as a country, including sources of wealth not fully captured in the system of national accounts: human capability and the natural environment.
What are our institutions and Governance in the Current Living Standards Framework capture?
Captures the role our institutions play in safeguarding and building our wealth, as well as facilitating the wellbeing of individuals and collective
What are our individual and collective wellbeing in the Current Living Standards Framework capture?
Captures those resources and aspects of our lives that are important for the wellbeing of individuals, families, whānau and communities
What is meant by ‘structure’ in population health?
Structure refers to the social and physical environmental conditions or patterns (social determinants) that influence the choices and opportunities available to individuals.
What does ‘agency’ refer to in the context of health?
Agency refers to the capacity of an individual to act independently and make free choices regarding their health and wellbeing.
