Lecture 12 - Musculoskeletal 1

Question 1

which is more ‘important’ in terms of the brain processing power, the upper limb or the lower limb?

Answer 1

upper, since it has a larger representation of the upper limb on the sensory and motor homunculus

Question 2

why are our upper limbs so important?

Answer 2

interaction with our environment gave us success

Question 3

the upper limb is all about?

Answer 3

movement

Question 4

where does the upper limb articulate with the axial skeleton?

Answer 4

at the sternoclavicular joint, which is between the manubrium (sternum) and the clavicle

Question 5

everything between the connection with the axial skeleton and the shoulder joint is called?

Answer 5

the pectoral girdle, spans from shoulder to shoulder, so one arm

Question 6

what is the anatomy arm?

Answer 6

between the shoulder and the elbow joint
- arm aka brachium

Question 7

what is the forearm aka?

Answer 7

antebrachium

Question 8

carpals make up the?

Answer 8

wrist

Question 9

how can we best describe the function of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 9

a mobile base that adds to the plane of movement

Question 10

how is the upper body made for movement?

Answer 10

in comparison to the hip (which has only immobile joints) the upper body is a very mobile base due to synovial joints there

Question 11

what is the anterior and posterior movement of the scapula called?

Answer 11

protraction (anteriorly)
retraction (posteriorly)

Question 12

what is the superior and inferior movement of the scapula called?

Answer 12

elevation and depression

Question 13

what is scapula inferior and superior rotation

Answer 13

try wave down an airplane

Question 14

what are the two things that scapula abduction could be

Answer 14

superior rotation or protraction

Question 15

what are the two things that scapula adduction could be?

Answer 15

inferior rotation or retraction

Question 16

why dont we use the terms scapular abduction and adduction?

Answer 16

because they are subjective

Question 17

how do we name joints?

Answer 17

proximal articulating surface, then distal articulating surface

Question 18

where is the acromio-clavicular joint?

Answer 18

between the clavicle and the acromion

Question 19

what bone is the strut between our scapula and our axial skeleton?

Answer 19

clavicle

Question 20

what does it mean to say the clavicle is a strut for the scapula?

Answer 20

there are big muscles on the anterior and posterior sides of our scapula that are are under tonal contraction, and without the clavicle, the scapula would be pulled towards the axial skeleton/ribcage. this allows more movement of the scapula

Question 21

what are the roughened areas of the inferior clavicle bone?

Answer 21

areas where ligaments attach to
- costoclavicular ligament attachment
- subclavian groove muscle attachment
- coracoclavicular ligament attachment

Question 22

what is the main difference in the clavicle from the superior view?

Answer 22

deltoid tubercule, where the deltoid origin is.

Question 23

what muscles attach onto the clavicle?

Answer 23

the deltoid (clavicle is the origin)
trapezius (clavicle is the insertion)
pectoralis major (clavicle is origin)

Question 24

where is our clavicle most often fractured?

Answer 24

where there are no muscled attached

Question 25

what is treatment for a greenstick fracture vs a break in the clavicle?

Answer 25

greenstick - sling, take the weight off the arm broken: plates and screws to hold in place while heals

Question 26

what do soft clavicles do?

Answer 26

not act as a very good strut

Question 27

what are the three angles of the scapula?

Answer 27

- superior angle - inferior angle - glenoid fossa (lateral)

Question 28

what are the three borders of the scapula?

Answer 28

- superior border - medial border - lateral border

Question 29

which border contains most muscle attachments of the scapula?

Answer 29

the lateral border

Question 30

what are the 3 protuberances of the scapula?

Answer 30

- coracoid 'crows beak' aka coracoid process - acromion (continuous with spine along posterior side of scapula) - spine

Question 31

what are the 3 surfaces of the scapula?

Answer 31

- supraspinous fossa - infraspinous fossa - subscapula fossa

Question 32

what group of muscles are associated with the 3 surfaces of the scapula?

Answer 32

the rotator cuff muscles

Question 33

describe the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 33

- saddle shaped synovial joint - 30º rotation (so pretty mobile)

Question 34

what makes the sternoclavicular joint a complex joint?

Answer 34

menisci of the sternoclavicular joint

Question 35

what is the only connection between the two sides of your pectoral girdle

Answer 35

interclavicular ligament

Question 36

what provides the most strength between the clavicle and the sternum?

Answer 36

costoclavicular ligament - from 1st rib to underside of clavicle

Question 37

what is the main function of the subclavius muscle in day to day life?

Answer 37

shunt muscle prevents the dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint by pulling clavicle back towards the midline

Question 38

what is the origin and insertion of the subclavius muscle?

Answer 38

from 1st rib to the subclavian groove of the inferior clavicle

Question 39

why do we need an acromioclavicular joint

Answer 39

if we didn't have one, when you move the clavicle, the scapula would be forced into rotation - gives and extra degree of movement

Question 40

what makes the acromioclavicular joint complex?

Answer 40

a wedge shaped intra-articular disc - also fibrocartilage

Question 41

which muscles support the AC joint?

Answer 41

the deltoid and the trapezius

Question 42

where is the coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 42

connects the clavicle to the scapula, but is not really a part of the acromioclavicular joint

Question 43

what is the function of the coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 43

- very strong - used to passively hold the scapula under the clavicle

Question 44

which muscle actively moves and stabilises the scapula?

Answer 44

the trapezius

Question 45

what is the conceptual joint of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 45

where the medial border of the scapula moves against the thorax due to muscles and ligaments acting on it - stabilises the scapula - no cartilage or synovial fluid

Question 46

what is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major?

Answer 46

origin: clavicular head and sternocostal head insertion: intertubercular groove

Question 47

what are the three movements of the pectoralis major?

Answer 47

- adducts the humerus - internally rotates the humerus - can help protract scapula by pulling on humerus (2º action)

Question 48

what are the primary movements of the subclavius?

Answer 48

- braces the clavicle (1º) - weak depressor of the scapula

Question 49

what is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?

Answer 49

origin: anterior sufaces of ribs 3-5 insertion: coracoid process of the scapula

Question 50

what is the brachial plexus?

Answer 50

watch lec

Question 51

what is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

Answer 51

origin: ribs insertion: medial border of the scapula - packs a punch

Question 52

what are the primary movements of the serratus anterior?

Answer 52

protracts scapula lower fibres help superiorly rotate scapula