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Pediatrics > Lecture 12: Pediatric Accidents & Injuries > Flashcards

Lecture 12: Pediatric Accidents & Injuries Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Which gender dies more?

A

Male 2x more

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of pediatric mortality?

A

Trauma

At the scene or 4 hours post arrival

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3
Q

What is the MC preventable cause of mortality in trauma?

A

Hemorrhage

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4
Q

What is the most common injury factor in infants < 1 yo?

A

Bedding

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5
Q

What is the main risk factor for mortality in preschoolers? (age 1-4)

A

Drowning

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6
Q

What is the primary injury factor for early teens/adolescents?

A

Vehicle safety/Safety belt (5-19y)

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7
Q

What is the MCC of death due to accident in children aged 5-19?

A

Motor vehicle crash

60% due to unrestrained child ):

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8
Q

What MPH is concerning for a high risk injury in a crash?

A

> 20 MPH

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9
Q

When is a rear-facing car seat indicated? (2)

A
  • Until 2 years old OR
  • Highest ht/wt allowed
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10
Q

When is a forward facing carseat indicated until? (2)

A
  • Up to 4 years old AND
  • 40 lbs

Rear until 2, forward until 4 & 40

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11
Q

What are the 2 criteria that make a booster seat needed?

A
  • Shorter than 4’9”
  • 8 years old at minimum

Backseat only until 13 years old

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12
Q

What is seat belt syndrome?

A

Serious cervical and lumbar spinal cord injuries + intra-abdominal injuries

All due to poorly fitted seat belts

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13
Q

Image of proper seat belt fitting

A
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14
Q

What is the 2nd MCC of childhood injury due to consumer product?

A

Bicycles

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15
Q

What is the most effective measure for prevention of significant injury with bicycles?

A

Helmet

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16
Q

When should you discard a helmet?

A
  • Head hit a hard surface
  • Fall resulted in marks on shell
  • Greater than 5 years old
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17
Q

What is the 2nd leading cause of accidental trauma?

A

Drowning, esp under age 5!

From age 1-4, it is the leading cause

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18
Q

Which water temperature tends to have a dismal prognosis?

A

Warm water > 20C

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19
Q

How do most children drown?

A

Silently ):

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20
Q

What is the leading cause of injury-related death at home?

A

Burn injuries

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21
Q

Should you pop burn blisters?

22
Q

What should you monitor with electrocution injuries? (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • EKG
  • CK
  • UA
  • BMP

Rhabdo + EKG

23
Q

How do you treat a second degree burn? (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Silvadene (silver sulfadiazine)
  • Analgesics
  • Sterile non-adhesive dressings
24
Q

Who do dogs bite the most?

25
When do you close a bite wound? (2)
* Only suture if large or facial * **NEVER DERMABOND**
26
Tx of a bite wound (2)
1. **Intense, high volume irrigation** 2. Augmentin for 10d
27
What is the MC canine microbe in bite wounds?
Pastereulla multocida
28
What is the MCC of non-lethal injuries in children?
Falls
29
Where do most falls occur?
Home
30
What fall height is concerning?
10-15 ft or 2-3x the patient's height
31
What are the common environments/ways in which children fall?
* Baby walkers * Bathtubs * Playground equipment * Shopping carts * Furniture
32
When is choking highest risk in children?
6 months - 4 years old | Same for chunks of food
33
How do you tx a choking child under age 1? After age 1?
* Under age 1: Hard back blows * After age 1: Abdominal thrusts/Heimlich
34
How does choking present usually? (6)
Acute onset of... * Coughing * Choking * Wheezing * Cyanosis * Drooling * Stridor
35
What has the leading risk of death among toys?
Non-powered scooters | Injuries common ## Footnote Most deaths are from asphyxiation overall
36
What age should a child NOT ride a skateboard?
Less than age 5 | they aint rdy
37
What age range is most at risk for ATV injuries?
11-15
38
What is the primary underlying factor for ATV injuries?
Riding an ATV bigger than you
39
What is the recommended minimum age to ride an ATV?
16 years old per AAP | 11-15 is highest risk too
40
When is risk of recurrent concussion highest?
**Within 10 days of first** concussion
41
What are the return to play guidelines? | SCAT5 is the professional criteria
General criteria | 5 days of no symptoms as you ramp up. Need approval on day 3.
42
When and where do the majority of poisonings occur?
* Under age 5 * At home | Most are unintentional
43
How do you treat an ingested poison?
Activated charcoal | Gastric lavage is rarely used now.
44
When is activated charcoal contraindicated? (6)
* Depressed mental status * Late presentation * Increased risk and severity of aspiration if used (hydrocarbons) * Need for endoscopy (impaired visibility) * Toxins that are poorly absorbed by charcoal (metals) * **Presence of intestinal obstruction (ABSOLUTE CI)**
45
How is tylenol poisoning treated? (2)
* Activated Charcoal * N-acetylcysteine (Acetadote)
46
How is N-acetylcysteine dosed?
1. Loading dose of 150mg/kg over 15-60m 2. 2nd infusion of 50mg/kg over 4 hrs 3. Third infusion of 100mg/kg over 16 hrs | 150 1st hour, 50 4th hour, 100 16th hour ## Footnote **Must monitor liver enzymes daily**
47
What iron dosage tends to cause symptoms?
> 20mg/kg
48
What is the initial condition that occurs from iron OD?
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis | Can lead to shock, coma, hepatic failure
49
How is lead poisoning treated? | > 45 mcg/dl
Chelation via **Succimer** | P sure succimer is oral
50
When is chelation therapy indicated for lead poisoning?
Blood lead level >= 45mcg/dl
51
When are blood lead levels checked?
12 month WCC
52
Where can you remove disc-shaped batteries?
If it is **in the esophagus** | Otherwise, XR in 7 days

Pediatrics (23 decks)

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