Lecture 13, 14, 15 , 16 Musculoskeletal structures of the neck. accessory nerve

Question 1

T/F - Although there are seven cervical vertebrae, first two are considered to be atypical

Answer 1

True

Question 2

T/F - Atlas has a spinous process with anterior and posterior tubercles

Answer 2

False, it has no body or spinous process, just anterior and posterior tubercles

Question 3

T/F - Axis hasa dens which is an odontoid process

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F - upper surface of rib 1 has tubercle for attachment of scalenus posterior

Answer 4

False, it is rib 2

Question 5

T/F - Hyoid bone has unpaired body

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F - Hyoid bone’s greater horn (paired) is superior and smaller, and it is a cartilagenous joint with body

Answer 6

False, it is inferior and larger,

Question 7

T/F - Lesser horn (paired) of hyoid bone is small and projects above junction of body & greater horn

Answer 7

True

Question 8

T/F - Lesser horn of hyoid bone has a synovial joint with body and fibrous joint with base of greater horn

Answer 8

False, fibrous joint with body, synovial joint with base of greater horn

Question 9

Which five structures is the hyoid attached to?

Answer 9

1) strap muscles (supra & infrahyoid muscles) of neck
2) middle pharyngeal constrictors
3) Thyrohyoid membrane (between hyoid bone & upper thyroid cartilage of larynx)
4) via a fibrous sling to intermediate tendon of digastric
5) stylohyoid ligament

Question 10

T/F - Anterior triangle of neck is actually a pair of triangles

Answer 10

True

Question 11

List boundaries of each triangle (3 boundaries)

Answer 11

1) SCM
2) Mandible
3) Midline

Question 12

T/F - Digastric/submandibular triangle is bounded by anterior & posterior belly & intermediate tendon of digastric muscle. contains submandibular gland.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

T/F - Carotid triangle is bounded by SCM, anterior belly digastric & inferior belly of omohyoid.

Answer 13

False, posterior belly digastric and superior belly of omohyoid

Question 14

T/F - Carotid triangle contains neurovascular bundle of neck - carotid - internal jugular - vagus within carotid sheath

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F - Muscular triangle has boundaries midline, posterior belly digastric, inferior belly of omohyoid, inferior SCM

Answer 15

False, anterior belly digastric, and superior belly omohyoid

Question 16

T/F - Muscular triangle contains supra and infrahyoid muscles and thyroid gland

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F - Posterior triangle is bound by SCM, trapezius, clavicle & is crossed by superior belly of omohyoid.

Answer 17

False, inferior belly omohyoid

Question 18

T/F - Posterior triangle roof (most superficial and lateral part) is deep cervical fascia

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F - Floor of posterior triangle consists of fascia and muscles

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Which muscles can you identify with fascia of triangle removed ?

Answer 20

1) Scalenus anterior, medius and posterior
2) Leavtor scapulae
3) Splenius capitus

Question 21

Name the two subdivisions of posterior triangle

Answer 21

1) occipital triangle

2) supraclavicular triangle

Question 22

T/F - Occipital triangle is below omohyoid and contains subclavian artery and vein

Answer 22

False, it is above omohyoid and contains upper deep cervical lymph nodes and accessory nerve

Question 23

T/F - Supraclavicular triangle is above omohyoid and contains upper deep cervical lymph nodes and accessory nerve

Answer 23

False, it is below omohyoid and contains subclavian artery and vein

Question 24

T/F - Sternocleidomastoid extends from manubrium and medial 1/3 of clavicle to anterolateral mastoid

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What are the actions of SCM?

Answer 25

- On own it tilts and rotates head | - together it flexes head and raises sternum

Question 26

T/F - Trapezius connects from external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line to T12 in the midline and laterally to lateral clavicle and acromium

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What are the actions of trapezius muscle?

Answer 27

Pulls shoulders back, also rotates shoulder, raises arm and extends head on neck

Question 28

What is motor nerve for trapezius muscle and SCM?

Answer 28

spinal accessory which runs deep to both muscle

Question 29

What is sensory innervation for trapezius and SCM?

Answer 29

Ventral cervical rami (travels with accessory)

Question 30

Digastric ___________ attaches to digastric fossa on medial surface of mandible near midline.

Answer 30

Anterior belly

Question 31

Digastric _____________ runs through a fibrous sling attached to body and greater horn of the hyoid. _________ pierces stylohyoid which attaches to the styloid process

Answer 31

Intermediate tendon, intermediate tendon

Question 32

Digastric __________ is attached to mastoid notch (mesial to mastoid)

Answer 32

Posterior belly

Question 33

What are the two actions of digastric bellies and intermediate tendon?

Answer 33

- Depresses mandible | - Elevates hyoid

Question 34

Which nerve innervates posterior belly, and anterior belly?

Answer 34

- Facial nerve for posterior belly | - Mylohyoid nerve for anterior belly

Question 35

T/F - Omohyoid superior belly goes from body of hyoid to intermediate tendon

Answer 35

True

Question 36

T/F - Omohyoid inferior belly stretches from tendon to upper body of scapula and is attached to clavicle and rib 2 by a fascial sling

Answer 36

False, it's rib 1

Question 37

What are the two actions of omohyoid?

Answer 37

Depresses hyoid, tenses deep cervical fascia during prolonged inspiration

Question 38

What are the innervations of omohyoid?

Answer 38

Ventral branches of cervical nerves (ansa cervicalis) - sensory & motor)

Question 39

T/F - SCM delineates triangles of neck and superficial and deep lymph nodes

Answer 39

True

Question 40

What are the features lateral to SCM?

Answer 40

- External jugular - lesser occipital nerve - greater auricular nerve - transverse cutaneous nerve of neck

Question 41

Which features is deep to/supplying SCM?

Answer 41

- Spinal accessory nerve | - Intermediate tendon omohyoid

Question 42

T/F - (Digastric belly) hypoglossal nerve is superficial to intermediate tendon

Answer 42

False, it's deep to intermediate tendon

Question 43

T/F - posterior belly digastric is used to distinguish descending pharyngeal artery (Below) from occipital (behind) from posterior auricular artery (above)

Answer 43

False, it's ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 44

T/F - Digastric posterior belly is closely associated with stylohyoid

Answer 44

True

Question 45

T/F - Jugulodigastric nodes is deep/just inferior to digastric posterior belly

Answer 45

True

Question 46

T/F - Omohyoid belly divides muscular and supraclavicular triangle in anterior triangle

Answer 46

False, it divides muscular and carotid triangle in anterior triangle

Question 47

T/F - Omohyoid muscle divides posterior triangle into occipital and supraclavicular triangle

Answer 47

True

Question 48

T/F - Omohyoid arbitarily divides superficial cervical lymph nodes into upper/superior and inferior/lower

Answer 48

False, it's deep cervical lymph nodes