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Microbiology Test 2 > Lecture 13/14 Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Lecture 13/14 Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

opportunistic pathogen

A

part of normal flora that causes disease when it has gained access to other tissue sites or host is immune compromised

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2
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability to cause disease

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3
Q

zoonoses

A

infections passed from animal to human

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4
Q

natural environmental location where the pathogen normally resides

animate or inanimate

A

reservoir

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5
Q

organisms that spread disease from one host to another

A

vector

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6
Q

infectious disease

A

infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths

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7
Q

incubation period

A

period after pathogen entry, before signs and symptoms

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8
Q

prodromal stage

A

onset of signs and symptoms

not clear enough for diagnosis

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9
Q

period of illness

A

stage where disease is most severe, signs and symptoms develop

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10
Q

convalescence

A

signs and symptoms begin to disappear

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11
Q

course of infection

A
  1. incubation period
  2. prodromal stage
  3. period of illness
  4. convalescence
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12
Q

a pathogen must ____ to cause disease

A

contact a host AND survive within it

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13
Q

3 requirements for pathogen to survive

A
  1. suitable environment
  2. source of nutrients (in competition with host cells)
  3. protection from harmful elements
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14
Q

virulence factors

A

allows a pathogen to outcompete host cells and resist their defenses

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15
Q

survival strategies of a pathogen (5)

A 
adhesions
enzymes
toxins
invasions
autoinducers
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16
Q

virulence

A

degree or intensity of a pathogen

determined by pathogen’s ability to survive outside host

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17
Q

determines the degree to which the pathogen causes damage, invasion, infectivity

A

virulence factors

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18
Q

more dependence on host = (more/less) virulent

A

less

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19
Q

portal of entry

A

usually skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital systems, or conductive of eye

parenteral route (break in barrier)

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20
Q

what are adherence structures?

A

pili or timbre that bind to complementary receptor sites on host cell surface

ligands

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21
Q

which glycocalyx ligand bind to receptors for adherence

A

s. mutans

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22
Q

fimbrae are ligands used by which bacteria for adherence

A

e. coli

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23
Q

s. pyogenes use which ligands

A

M protein

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24
Q

bacteremia

A

presence of viable bacteria in the blood

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25
septicemia
pathogens or their toxins in the blood
26
disease that results from entry of specific preformed toxin into host
intoxication ex. tetanus toxin
27
condition caused by toxins in the blood of host
toxemia
28
soluble, heat labile proteins
exotoxins
29
source of exotoxins
mostly gram +
30
metabolic products of exotoxins
by products of growing cell
31
are exotoxins neutralized by antitoxins?
yes
32
corynebacterium diphtheriae exotoxin
A-B toxin + lysogeny
33
strep pyogenes exotoxin
membrane disrupting ERYTHROGENIC toxin scarlett fever + lysogeny
34
Clostridium botulinum exotoxin
a-b toxin neurotoxin + lysogeny
35
C. tetani exotoxin
A-B toxin neurotoxin
36
Vibrio cholerae exotoxin
A-B toxin neurotoxin
37
Staphylococcus aureus exotoxin
superantigen + lysogeny
38
AB exotoxins
composed of two subunits (A and B) specific host site exotoxins membrane disrupting exotoxins superantigens
39
Which part of the AB exotoxin is responsible for the toxic effect?
A subunit
40
Which part of the AB exotoxin is responsible for binding to specific target cell?
B subunit
41
superantigens
causes the T cells to over expresses and release cytokines results in failure of multiple host organs allowing time for microbe to disseminate
42
parenteral route
pathogens that come into the skin, break thru barrier defenses i.e. acne hasn't penetrated, actually entering in thru barrier defenses
43
Infectious dose is indicated by
ID50
44
if a disease is very infectious it will have a ____ ID50
LOW | opposite of ea. other
45
what enzyme coagulates fibrinogen in plasma
coagulase s. aureus
46
lyses erythrocytes makes iron available
hemolysis staph, strep, e. coli, c. perfringins
47
Leukocidins
pore forming exotoxin kills leukocytes causes degranulation of lysosomes of leukocytes
48
M protein
s. pyogenes important for adherence and also helps cells evade phagocytosis
49
capsules
makes bacteria sticky to membranes coat to avoid phagocytosis
50
invasins
allow bacteria to get inside cell | e. coli penetrate cells for example
51
proteolytic enzyme that allows a living organism to hydrolyse gelatin
gelatinase
52
collagenase
hydrolyzes collagen
53
hyaluronidase
hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid of ECM allow pathogen passage inside cell
54
what produces endotoxins?
Gram -
55
what type of toxins cause fever?
endotoxins
56
which toxins are heat stable?
endotoxins lipids
57
are AB toxins used by bacteria to adhere to things?
NO the B subunit allows for binding and entry into host cell by A, but they are not used for adherence
58
M protein
resist phagocytosis (s. pyrogens)
59
Opa protein
inhibits T helper cells | N. gonorrhoeae
60
Mycolic acid
registry digestion and Ab resistant due to presence of mycolic acid in membrane Mycobacterium tuberculosis
61
other ways to resist host cell defense
actin tail for propulsion (rickettsia, shigella) formation of capsules to prevent phagocytosis production of decoy proteins to bind to neutralizing Abs enzyme secretion
62
Ig proteases
destroys IgA antibodies
63
Kinases
digests fibrin clots
64
coagulase
coagulates fibrinogen
65
infection v. intoxication
infection is when live bacteria establish themselves and grow then cause disease intoxication is illness from presence of harmful toxins of bacteria

Microbiology Test 2 (6 decks)

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