Lecture 13 Flashcards
What is a Vitamin B1?
Thiamin
What is the role of Thiamin (B1) ?
Important role in carbohydrate metabolism
What is a good source of thiamin (B1) ?
The cereal husk
What are some anti-thiamin factors?
- Sulphites (preservatives) and high levels of dietary sulphur
What do thiaminases do and where are they found?
These are enzymes that break down thiamin. Type 1 and 2 exist. They are found in fish shellfish, plants and ferns and also in some bacteria.
State the neurological effects of a thyme deficiency:
- Opisthotonos- stargazing
2. Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) - refers to necrotic lesions in cortical tissue
Describe a symptom of thiamin deficiency within cats:
The neck will be in ventro-flexion (bent down).
What factors increase the risk of PEM in ruminants?
- High grain diets
- High sulphur diets
- Mouldy feed
- Deprivation of feed and water
What are some treatments option available for PEM?
- Thiamine supplements
- Rumen transfaunation
- Offering adequate roughage
How does heating or cooking influence the availability of B1 in the diet?
Cooking/heating leads to reduced levels of B1 in the diet
What is vitamin B2
Riboflavin
What feedstuffs contain riboflavin within them?
Green plants, yeasts, fungi, most bacteria, liver, milk and grain husk
What is the role of Riboflavins (B2) ?
many metabolic roles in the metabolism
What is a potential neurological sign of a riboflavin deficiency?
Curled toe paralysis
What is Vitamin B3?
Niacin
What are the two major forms of niacin?
NAD+
NADP+
What species are not able to easily convert tryptophan to Niacin and hence need supplementation?
Cats, turkeys, ducks
What are some common signs of a niacin deficiency?
leg deficiencies and weak legs (slipped tendon)
What is a symptom of a B6 deficiency?
perosis and neuritis
What is a dietary source of Biotin (B7)?
Avidin (raw egg white)
What is a side effect of a Vitamin C deficiency?
Scurvy
