Lecture 13: Common Repro & Genital Sx Procedures 1 (Exam 2)

Question 1

Define cryptorchid

Answer 1

A congenital failure of the testicle or testicles t descend into the scrotum

Question 2

Define Testicular agenesis

Answer 2

Failure of testis dev

Question 3

Define Episiotomy

Answer 3

Incision of the vulvar orifice to expose the vulva & vagina

Question 4

Deine Episioplasty/vulvoplasty

Answer 4

Reconstruction of the vulva

Question 5

Define pyometra

Answer 5

An accumulation of purulent material w/in the uterus

Question 6

Define hydrometra

Answer 6

Uterine distention w/ watery secretion

Question 7

Define mucometra

Answer 7

Uterine distention w/ mucoid secretions

Question 8

Define hematometra

Answer 8

Uterine distention w/ bloody secretions

Question 9

Define stump pyometra

Answer 9

Accumulation of purulent material in the vestiges of the uterus that remains after OHE

Question 10

Define Vaginal prolapse/ hyperplasia

Answer 10

Occurs during estrus or proestrus as a result of edematous enlargement of vaginal tissue

Question 11

Define Vaginal prolapse

Answer 11

Involves the 360 degree protrusion of mucosa (cranial to the urethral papilla)

Question 12

Define Vaginal hyperplasia

Answer 12

May originate from a stalk of mucosa on the floor of the vagina (usually cranial to the urethral papilla)

Question 13

Define a uterine prolapse

Answer 13

An eversion & protrusion of a portion of the uterus through the cervix into the vagina during or near parturition (rare in dogs)

Question 14

What are the types of testicular agenesis? Is this rare

Answer 14

• One = monorchism
• Two = anorchism
• Yes it is rare

Question 15

When are dogs & cats considered to have cryptorchidism

Answer 15

If there is no testicular descent by 2 M of age

Question 16

Which type of cryptorchidism is more common

Answer 16

Unilateral cryptorchidism

Question 17

What is the tx of choice for a cryptorchid

Answer 17

Bilateral castration

Question 18

Why is bilateral castration the tx of choice

Answer 18

• Thought to be a sex linked autosomal recessive in dogs
• Retained canine testes are predisposed to neoplasia

Question 19

What two types of tumors are more common in cryptorchids

Answer 19

• Seminomas
• Sertoli cell tumors

Question 20

Describe where cryptorchid testicles can be located

Answer 20

• In the inguinal region (btw/ the ring & the scrotum in an ax px)
• Large inguinal fat pads may obstruct palpation
• Inguinal lymph nodes have been mistaken for retained testicles
• Can be found intra abdominal

Question 21

What are ways that non palpable testes are located

Answer 21

• Exploratory laparotomy
• Laparoscopy
• Laparoscopically assisted
• Ultrasound
• LOOK IN THE INGUINAL RING

Question 22

Which testicle is removed first

Answer 22

• The retained testicle first
• Don’t remove the descended testicle if you cannot find the retained testicle

Question 23

Describe the exploratory tech for cryptorchids

Answer 23

• Ventral midline incision/entry
• Retroflex the urinary bladder
• Locate ductus deferens dorsal to the neck of the bladder (NOT THE URETERS)
• Follow the ductus deferens to the testicle

Question 24

What is a major point of a vasectomy

Answer 24

• Should be discouraged as a means of the population control
• Only inhibits fertility

Question 25

What is the preferred methoud for a percutaneous needle bx

Answer 25

Ultrasound guided

Question 26

What are the three different needle bx that can be performed

Answer 26

* Percutaneous * Trans-rectal fine needle aspiration * Open bx (w/ needle or wedge)

Question 27

What should be avoided during a prostatic bx

Answer 27

Damaging the prostatic urethra

Question 28

When should the prostate not be bxed

Answer 28

If there is abscesses or cyst is suspected

Question 29

What is an episiotomy

Answer 29

Incision of the vulvar orifice to expose the vulva & vagina

Question 30

What are the indications for an episiotomy

Answer 30

* Exploration of the vagina * Excision of vaginal masses * Repari lacerations * Modify congenital defects/strictures * Facilitate manual fetal extraction (like a large single puppy litter in small dog) * Expose the urethral papilla

Question 31

What is an episioplasty/vulvoplasty

Answer 31

Reconstruction of the vulva

Question 32

Why is episioplasty done

Answer 32

* When an excess skin fold around the vulva is causing perivulvar dermatitis &/or recurrent UTIs * Usually in small fat dogs

Question 33

What is the goal of a C-section

Answer 33

Remove all of the fetuses from the gravid uterus ASAP via hysterotomy w/out hurting fetuses & dam

Question 34

What are the indications for a C-section

Answer 34

* Actual of potential dystocia from oversized, malpositions, or maldev fetus/fetuses * Small pelvic canal b/c of prev fractures or just a naturally smal pelvis * Uterine inertia * Fetal putrifaction

Question 35

What breeds are most commonly associated w/ C section

Answer 35

* English bulldogs * Boston terriers * French bull dogs * Mastiffs * Scottish terriers

Question 36

When is a C-section w/out OHE done

Answer 36

* Breeding animals * Cannot obtain owner permission for OHE

Question 37

How is the px positions for a c section w/out OHE

Answer 37

Dorsal recumbency

Question 38

T/F: The dam should be pre oxygenated if possible before induction

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Describe what is done w/ the placenta during a c section w/out an OHE

Answer 39

* If the placenta has not separated gently pull it from the endometrium * Do not forcibly separate the placenta from the uterine wall or severe hemorrhage may occur * Palpate the pelvic canal & remove any fetus from this location

Question 40

what should be done post delivery (after a c section w/out an OHE)

Answer 40

* Uterine contraction usually begin when the fetuses are removed * Admin oxytocin or ergonovine maleate if they have not occured * Compress the uterine walls & give oxytocin if endometrial hemorrhage is severe * Lavage the external uterus to remove debris

Question 41

What suture patterns should be used when closing a C section w/out an OHE

Answer 41

* Apposition pattern in a single layer simple continuous pattern * Double layer appositional closure (the mucosa & submucosa followed by the muscularis & serosa) * Appositional closure followed by a second layer inverting pattern