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Diagnostic Imaging > Lecture 13: Imaging of the head and spine > Flashcards

Lecture 13: Imaging of the head and spine Flashcards

1
Q

What view and what evaluating

A

Ventrodorsal open mouth
Nasal cavity and maxilla

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2
Q

name view and what evaluating. Which image normal vs abnormal

A

Rostrocaudal
Frontal sinus
Top image- normal gas filled
Bottom image: left- normal gas filled, right- fluid and soft tissue

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3
Q

name view and what evaluating, identify 1

A

Rostrocaudal open mouth
1. Tympanic bulla

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4
Q

what wrong here, which is normal or abnormal: left or right image

A

Otitis media on right side- increased opacity
Left- less affected

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5
Q

name view and identify 1-2

A

lateral oblique- temporomandibular joint
1. Temporomandibular joint
2. Tympanic bulla

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6
Q

name view

A

Lateral oblique of maxilla

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7
Q

Name view

A

Intraoral dorsoventral

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8
Q

what are some radiographic diseases of the head

A
  1. Otitis media
  2. Sinusitis
  3. Rhinitis
  4. Maxilla and mandibular tumors
  5. Nasal cancer
  6. Dental disease
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9
Q

what Are you looking for on rads of otitis media

A
  1. Increased opacity in tympanic bulla
  2. Sclerosis of wall of tympanic bulla
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10
Q

what wrong

A

Increased thickening of wall of tympanic bulla

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11
Q

what wrong

A

Right side- increased fluid, thicker, mineralization in external ear canal
Left: mineralization

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12
Q

what wrong

A

Canine mandibular tooth root abscess

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13
Q

2yr old horse- what arrow pointing at

A

Preapical radiolucent regions- normal in young horse

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14
Q

images of CNS are hard to interpret without accurate __

A

neurolocalization

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15
Q

identify 1-8

A
  1. Spinous process
  2. Vertebral canal
  3. Intervertebral foramen
  4. Pedicle
  5. Vertebral body
  6. Articular process
  7. Dorsal laminae
  8. Transverse process
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16
Q

identify 1-8

A
  1. Spinous process
  2. Vertebral canal
  3. Intervertebral foramen
  4. Pedicle
  5. Vertebral body
  6. Articular process
  7. Dorsal laminae
  8. Transverse process
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17
Q

how many cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae do cats and dogs have

A

7 cervical, 13 thoracic, 7 lumbar, 3 sacral

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18
Q

ribs articulate with the __aspect of thoracic vertebrae

A

cranial

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19
Q

t13 ribs can be __

A

hypoplastic

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20
Q

feline vertebrae are much __than canine lumbar vertebrae and ribs are __

A

longer, thinner

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21
Q

Which cat vs dog

A

top- cat
Bottom- dog

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22
Q

identify 1-2

A
  1. C1
  2. C2
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23
Q

Identify 1-3

A
  1. Dens
  2. Transverse process/wings of c1
  3. Transverse process of C2
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24
Q

t or f: no disc at C1-C2

A

true

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25
t or f: no discs S1-3
true
26
identify 1-2
1. L7 2. S1
27
what arrow pointing at
Dens
28
what two scenarios do you only take a lateral view of spine
1. Trauma 2.Discospondylitis
29
what wrong and what view do you want to prioritize
displacement of spinal cord Prioritize lateral view
30
what wrong and what view do you want to prioritize
Discospondylitis Lateral view
31
based on this radiograph- what area provides best information on disc spaces and which dont (1-3)
1. Most centered over beam- can accurately evaluate disc spaces 2 and 3: can’t evaluate too far on periphery- can look narrow
32
myleography has risk of __ and __
seizures and morbidity
33
where do you place contrast in myelography and what is purpose
subarachnoid space, to evaluate spinal cord
34
what technique is used here and what vertebral space is usually used
myelography, typically injected into L5-6
35
what technique is used here to enhance the spinal cord
myelography
36
what are the 4 myelographic patterns
1. Normal 2. Extradural 3. Intradural, extramedullary 4. Intramedullary
37
what are ddx for extradural myelographic pattern
1. Tumor 2. Abscess 3. Hemorrhage 4. Disc extrusion
38
what are ddx for intramedullary myelographic pattern
tumor, edema
39
what is ddx for intradural extramedullary myelographic pattern
tumor
40
what myelographic pattern seen here and what are your ddx
Extradural Ddx; disc, tumor, hemorrhage, abscess
41
what myelographic pattern seen here and what is ddx
Intramedullary Ddx: cancer or edema
42
What myelographic pattern seen here and what is ddx. Identify 1
intradural extramedullary Ddx: tumor 1. Golf tee sign
43
what are the ddx for degenerative spinal disease
1. Articular process DJD 2. Spondylosis deformans 3. Lumbosacral instability
44
which arrow normal vs abnormal and what wrong
Red: normal Green: DJD, osteophyte
45
what wrong here
Thick facets causing compression of spinal cord
46
what wrong
spondylosis deformans
47
transitional vertebrae are usually at __
junctions
48
what transitional vertebrae seen in cervical thoracic junction
cervical ribs
49
thoracolumbar transitional vertebrae usually have rib anomalies on __
t13
50
what lumbosacral transitional vertebrae anomaly typically occurs and what does it predispose patients to
part of L7 fused with sacrum, predisposes to cauda equine syndrome
51
what wrong and how can this affect surgery sites for disc surgery
missing rib, can cause surgery to be done at wrong disc space
52
what wrong and what does it predispose animal to
Fusion of L7 to sacrum, predisposes animals to cauda equina syndrome
53
what sign are seen on radiographs of discospondylitis
end plate lysis
54
what wrong and what dx
endplate lysis Dx: discospondylitis
55
what wrong
White part of spinal cord: inflammation, fluid Discospondylitis
56
what are the rad findings for disc herniation
1. Narrow disc spaces 2. Narrow articular process joint space 3. Opacity in vertebral canal
57
t or f: rad findings for disc herniation very specific
false- nonspecific
58
T or f: In situ disc mineralization is a significant finding
false- mineralization does not mean herniation
59
What wrong and is this significant
Disc mineralization- not significant
60
what view should be done first for suspected spinal fracture
lateral
61
When taking spinal fracture rads you should avoid __if possible
anesthesia
62
for spinal fracture rads use __ for VD projection
horizontal beam
63
what wrong
spinal fractures
64
what wrong
L7 fracture
65
What wrong
Vertebral canal laterally displaced and fracture of transverse processes
66
what wrong
Spinal cord transection

Diagnostic Imaging (27 decks)

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