What are functions of blood?
- Transportation
- Regulation
- Protection
What is blood composed of?
- 55% plasma
- <1% leukocytes (WBC) and platelets
- 45% erythrocytes (RBC)
What is plasma composed of?
- 92% water
- 7% plasma proteins
What are the 3 main types of plasma proteins from most to least abundant?
- Albumin (60-80%)
- Globulins
- Fibrinogen
What are erythrocytes?
What are some of their characteristics?
Erythrocytes are red blood cells
Known for :
- transporting O2 throughout the body
- live app 100-120 days and originate in bone marrow
- unique biconclave shape
- no organelles or nuclei when mature
What is EPO?
What is the word for increased RBC formation
Erythropoietin: glycoprotein hormone made by the kidney when O2 levels fall
Erythropoiesis
Describe the structure of hemoglobin
composed of protein globin (two alpha and two beta chains, each bound to a heme group)
What are the 5 types of leukocytes?
What’s the mnemonic for it?
Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Macrophages
Eosinophils
Basophils
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
Which leukocyte is the:
a) largest?
b) first line of defense?
c) most important in the acquired immune system?
d) secrete histamin and heparin?
e) contain parasite digesting enzymes?
a) monocyte
b) neutrophil
c) lymphocyte
d) basophil
e) eosinophil
What are the three mechanisms of hemostasis?
- vasoconstriction
- formation of platelet plug
- coagulation
Define hemophilia
several diseases in which one of the factors in the coagulation cascade is defective
What is anemia?
Name some common types of anemia and their causes
- any condition where there is an abnormally low hemoglobin or RBC count
-iron deficiency anemia (deficiency in iron)
- pernicious anemia (inadequate b12 levels)
- aplastic anemia (destruction of bone marrow)
What is Leukocytosis and Leukopenia?
- Leukocytosis: abnormal inc in WBC
- Leukopenia: abnormal dec in WBC
The reduced flow of blood in an area of the body is known as?
Ischemia
An abnormal increase of RBCs in the body is known as?
Polythemia
Define antigens in the context of RBCs
special glycoproteins present on RBC surface that specify our blood type and induce an immune response if given to recipients of a different blood type
What are antibodies?
- proteins made by our body (b-lymphocytes) that help our immune system in the fight against NON SELF antigens
Name the antibodies in each blood type
Type O: anti A & anti B
Type A: anti B
Type B: anti A
Type AB: none
remember: eg type A hates B so it’s anti b
What happens if a Rh- mother gives birth to a Rh+ baby?
Her body can produce Rh antibodies and bind to Rh antigens of fetus RBCs leading to erythroblastosis fetalis (or hemolytic disease of the newborn)
