LECTURE 14

Question 1

RESPIRATION

Answer 1

?

Question 2

PARTIAL PRESSURE

Answer 2

the pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases

Question 3

RESPIRATORY MEDIA

Answer 3

a gas always undergoes net diffusion from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure

Question 4

RESPIRATORY SURFACE

Answer 4

the region where O2 diffuses into the cell and CO2 diffuses out to the environment (has to be moist so that gases can be dissolved in water first); membrane

Question 5

NOSTRILS

Answer 5

inhaled air is warmed, humidified, and sampled for odors

Question 6

LARYNX

Answer 6

reinforced with cartilage, the adam’s apple/voicebox (skeletal muscles)

Question 7

PHARYNX

Answer 7

area where 2 pathways converge (larynx and esophagus)

Question 8

TRACHEA

Answer 8

the portion of the respiratory tract that passes from the larynx to the bronchi; also called the windpipe

Question 9

BRONCHUS

Answer 9

one of a pair of breathing tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs (the large branch)

Question 10

BRONCHIOLE

Answer 10

(the small branch)

Question 11

ALVEOLUS

Answer 11

one of the dead-end air sacs where gas exchange occurs in a mammalian lung (covered in capillaries)

Question 12

GLOTTIS

Answer 12

the opening of the trachea

Question 13

SURFACE TENSION

Answer 13

the tendency of liquids that makes them acquire the lest surface area possible (the forces that hold the molecules of a liquid together)

Question 14

SURFACTANTS

Answer 14

compounds that lower the surface tension (surface active agents, amphiphilic, containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups); coat the surface of the aveoli to prevent them from collapsing

Question 15

VENTILATION

Answer 15

a process in which the respiratory medium moves over the respiratory surface

Question 16

RIB CAGE

Answer 16

expands as rib muscles contract during inhalation and vice versa, raises during vigorous exercise

Question 17

DIAPHRAGM

Answer 17

a sheet of skeletal muscles that forms the bottom all of the chest cavity like a piston

Question 18

TIDAL VOLUME

Answer 18

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath (the change in volume)

Question 19

VITAL CAPACITY

Answer 19

the maximum tidal volume during forced breathing

Question 20

RESIDUAL VOLUME

Answer 20

after exhalation, a residual volume is remaining in the lungs; the more resilient, the smaller the residue

Question 21

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Answer 21

the breathing center and heart activity control, basic rhythm in response to pH changes (from increase/decrease in CO2 levels)

Question 22

CAROTID ARTERY

Answer 22

the main supply of blood to the brain

Question 23

HEMOGLOBIN

Answer 23

protein that transports oxygen

Question 24

CARBONIC ANHYDRASE

Answer 24

?

Question 25

RESPIRATORY PIGMENTS

Answer 25

circulate in blood and greatly increase the amount of O2 transported