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Year 1: 03. MSK Exam 1 > Lecture 14: Fibrous Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Fibrous Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the properties of Connective Tissue?

What cells are considered Connective Tissue?

A

Properties: Separated by outside environment via epithelium and from other CT cells via ECM

Cells Types

  1. Fibroblasts: collagen, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
  2. Mesenchymal: CT stem cells
  3. Adipocytes: fat cells
  4. Chondrocytes: cartilage
  5. Osteoblasts: bone
  6. Hematopoietic: RBC and Immune Cells
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2
Q

What are the functions of Connective Tissue?

A
  1. Structural framework
  2. Protection and support
  3. Energy storage
  4. Transport fluids, cells, and dissolved chemicals
  5. Immune System Defense
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3
Q

What organelles might a plasma cell have a disporportionate volume of?

A

Golgi Apparatus/Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

(It produces and exports antibodies)

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4
Q

What are the fibrous components of the ECM of connective tissue?

A
  1. Collagen: Resists tension
  2. Elastin: Stretchable Fiber
  3. Reticular Fibers: supportive meshwork
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5
Q

Besides the structural, what is the function of Extracellular Matrix?

A

Carries O2, CO2, Nutrients, and Wastes

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6
Q

What is the most common type of collagen?

A

Type 1

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7
Q

What is Elastin assembled from?

A

Tropoelastin

Fibulin-1

Fibrillins 1 and 2

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8
Q

What can cause shallow breathing in COPD relating to connective tissue?

A

Elastin breakdown prevents the lungs from retracting fully to prepare for the next inhalation.

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9
Q

What makes the Extracellular Matrix in bone different from that in other tissues?

A

It is mineralized

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10
Q

What composes the ECM ground substance?

A
  1. Proteoglycans (protein w/ sugar)
    * Ex: Chondroitin, Heparan, Keratan Sulfates*
  2. Hyaluronan: connects proteoglycans
  3. Glycoproteins
    * Includes cytokines, GF, structural proteins*
  4. Extracellular proenzymes
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11
Q

What are Syndecans?

A

Strong coreceptors for growth factors on the cell membrane

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12
Q

What do integrin receptors do as a basic function?

A

Allow cell to extracellular matrix interaction

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13
Q

What is the name of umbillical embryonic connective tissue?

A

Warton’s Jelly

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14
Q

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

A
  1. Areolar
  2. Adipose
  3. Reticular
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15
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue beneath membranous epithelia

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16
Q

What are the fixed cells of areolar connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

Adipocytes

Mesenchymal Cells

17
Q

What are the wandering cells of loose areolar connective tissue?

A

Macrophages

Mast Cells

Leukocytes / Lymphocytes

Plasma Cells

18
Q

Where can you find adipocytes?

A

Under skin and organs (e.g. kidneys, eyeballs)

Within abdomen, breats, and buttocks

19
Q

What are the 4 functions of white fat?

A

Energy storage, insulation, cushioning, hormone secretion

20
Q

What are the characteristics of brown fat?

A

Thermogenic

Abundant in newborns

Greatly reduced in adults

Contains abundant mitochondria

21
Q

What does reticular connective tissue do?

A

Forms a “chicken wire” cage to support and hold cells in place against gravity

22
Q

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

A

Dense irrregular

Dense regular

Elastic

23
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

A

Dermis of the skin

Capsules of internal organs (eg kidney)

Perichondrium and pariosteum

Fascia

24
Q

Why might dense regular connective tissue heal slowly compared to other tissues?

A

It is poorly vascularized

25
Q

Where can you find dense connective tissue?

A

Tendons

Ligaments

Aponeuroses

Dense fascia

Joint Capsules

26
Q

What is the principal cell type of dense connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts

27
Q

Where might elastic connective tissue be found and what does it do?

A

Elastic CT: allows for recoil of tissue follwing streching

Location: Walls of large arteries

Walls of bronchiole tubes (lungs can expand collapse)

Special ligaments (eg Ligamentum Nuchae)

28
Q

What is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?

A

A mutation in collagen synthesis and structure, leading to weak collagen fibers.

29
Q

What does a deficiency of Vitamin C cause in connective tissue?

What is the basic mechanism?

A

Weakens Connective Tissue

Vitamin C is necessary for cross linking of collagen fibers

-Deficiency leads to less cross-linked collagen

30
Q

What is mutated in Marfan’s Syndrome?

Which organs are affected?

A

Autosomal disorder: Fibrilin-1 is mutated (weak elastin)

-affects ocular, skeletal, and cardiovascular systems

31
Q

What do Fibroblasts produce and where do they do this?

A

Collagen

Elastin

Proteoglycans

Glycoprotiens

Reticular Fibers

In Extracellular Matrix

32
Q

How can you recognize adipocytes?

A

Closely packed w/ nuclei and cytoplasm pushed to side

33
Q

How can you identify a Mast Cell over a Basophil?

A

Basophils have multilobar nuclei

Year 1: 03. MSK Exam 1 (23 decks)

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