Lecture 15

Question 1

recent trend in dairy production

Answer 1

# of cows down
milk production up

Question 2

higher milk per cow results in ________

Answer 2

more milk per unit feed

Question 3

dairy feeding programs are______

Answer 3

housing and management driven

Question 4

types of housing and management of dairy feeding programs

Answer 4

• individual tie stalls
• drylot
• confinement
• pasture-based

Question 5

what is stall feeding

Answer 5

cows housed, milked and fed in stalls
labor and management intensive
individual feeding by production

Question 6

what is a dry lot or desert area

Answer 6

low capital
group fed, fence line feed
labor intensive
management moderate

Question 7

what are confinement-free stalls

Answer 7

high capital
group fed
center-row feeding TMR
labor extensive
management intensive

Question 8

what is pasture based

Answer 8

low capital (land)
no housing
grass feed, with supplemental feeding
labor extensive
management intensive

Question 9

what is the starting point for questions regarding dairy cattle nutrition?

Answer 9

2001 Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 7th ed. Revised

Question 10

the objectives of feeding baby calves

Answer 10

• disease and mortality prevention (protection
• stimulate dry feed intake to enable weaning
• enhance rumen development

Question 11

there is no _______ of antibodies in cattle, sheep, horses, and pigs

Answer 11

placental transfer

Question 12

Important immunoglobulins from colostrum

Answer 12

• IgM
• IgG- primary circulating antibody
• IgA- protective coating for small intestine

Question 13

without colostrum, calf mortality_____

Answer 13

is very high

Question 14

colostrum must be absorbed with two hours or else ______

Answer 14

the calf’s gut will close off its capability to absorb colostrum

Question 15

compare fed milk vs milk replacer

Answer 15

milk >= MR
MR is cheaper
MR has no pathogens

Question 16

pasteurizing milk prevents ______

Answer 16

e. coli, salmonella, mycobacterium, paratuberculosis

Question 17

Ad libitum water in cattle is important to

Answer 17

increase rate of weight gain

Question 18

feeding long hay to very young calves does what?

Answer 18

• decreases starter intake
• decreases growth rates
• delays rumen development

Question 19

objectives of dry-cow feeding

Answer 19

production of a healthy calf
prepare the cow for lactation
prevention of metabolic diseases

Question 20

cows that are too heavy tend to _____

Answer 20

-eat less
-lose more BCS postpartum
-predisposed to metabolic diseases, like ketosis, displaced abomasum, retained placenta
produce less milk

Question 21

traits of left hand Displaced abomasum

Answer 21

• most common
• surgical correction
• prognosis good, but reduced milk

Question 22

traits of right-hand displaced abomasum

Answer 22

torsion (blockage)
severe electrolyte imbalance
high mortality

Question 23

risk factors for displaced abomasum

Answer 23

• parturition (loss of body fill, the conceptus)
• low forage diets (inadequate rumen fill)
• sudden changes in diet
• other metabolic diseases (milk fever, retained placenta, ketosis)
• cows that are over-conditioned at calving

Question 24

Low blood _______ prevents cows with milk fever from standing

Answer 24

calcium

Question 25

what is ketosis

Answer 25

a metabolic disease related to inadequate energy intake and excessive body fat mobilization. mobilized free fatty acids are incompletely oxidized and form ketone bodies

Question 26

T/F you can correct for poor quality forages by feeding more grain

Answer 26

false

Question 27

what is Total Mixed Ration (TMR)

Answer 27

feeding system used in dairy cattle feeding where forages and concentrate (grain) are blended together prior to feeding

Question 28

Advantages of TMR

Answer 28

• use of bulk commodities -> huge price advantage
• each bite is balanced
• more stable rumen conditions
• mechanical feeding
• group feeding by production

Question 29

disadvantages of TMR

Answer 29

• feeding long hay is difficult
• can’t feed individual cows by production
• each group needs a separate ration