Lecture 15-GI Infections Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the main bacterial causes of infective diarrhoea?
- Salmonella
- Campylobacter
- Shigella
- E Coli
- Clostridium difficile
What are the main viral causes of infective diarrhoea?
- Norovirus
- Adenovirus
- Rotavirus
What are the main parasitic causes of infective diarrhoea?
- Cryptosporidium
- Giardia
- Cyclospora
- Entamoeba
Describe the gram stain of Campylobacter
Gram negative
Where is Campylobacter usually found?
GI tracts of animal hosts eg poultry
How is Campylobacter transmitted?
- Contaminated food, water
- direct contact with animals/animal products
Which two organisms usually cause Campylobacter enteritis?
C. jejuni
C. coli
What are the symptoms of Campylobacter enteritis?
- abdo pain
- cramps
- diarrhoea
- nausea
- fever
- aches
- dizziness
- colitis
What are the acute complications of Campylobacter enteritis?
Cholecystitis, peritonitis, rash, septic pseudoaneurysm, pericarditis, myocarditis, extraintestinal infections eg bursitis
What are the late complications of Campylobacter enteritis?
Reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome (muscle paralysis)
What is the treatment for Campylobacter enteritis?
- supportive treatment
- antibiotics only for severe disease or with risk factors eg pregnancy/elderly - fluoroquinolones or macrolide
What is Cyclospora cayetenesis?
Parasite -> travellers diarrhoea
How is cyclospora spread?
Foeco-oral transmission (food or water)
What are the symptoms of cyclospora?
Anorexia, nausea, flatulence, fatigue, cramps, watery diarrhoea, fever, weight loss
What is the incubation period of cyclospora?
7 days after ingestion
How long can a cyclospora infection last?
3 weeks
How can a cyclospora infection be treated?
- rehydration
- trimethoprim: longer duration and higher dose if immunocompromised (HIV)
Describe the gram stain of shigella
Gram negative bacillus
What is the virulence of shigella?
Shigotoxin
How does shigella cause diarrhoea?
- enters large intestinal and rectal cells by endocytosis
- escapes from the endocytic vesicles and multiplies inside cells
- invades neighbouring cells
- mucosal abscess forms as cells die -> diarrhoea with blood, mucus and painful abdo cramping
Describe the gram stain of salmonella
Gram negative bacillus
How does salmonella spread?
Contaminated meat, eggs or milk
How is a salmonella infection treated?
- rehydration
- ceftriaxone
What are the symptoms of a giardia infection?
Diarrhoea, abdo pain, weight loss
