Lecture 17

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

an “atypical” condition in a living organism that causes some sort of physiological impairment

Question 2

causes of disease

Answer 2

Can be caused by variety of factors: genetic abnormalities, exposure to toxins, and interactions with organisms

Question 3

direct transmission

Answer 3

disease transmitted by physically touching an infected individual

Question 4

indirect transmission

Answer 4

disease transmitted by touching a surface that physically touched an infected individual

Question 5

horizontal transmission

Answer 5

disease transmitted among individuals of the same generation (ex: influenza)

Question 6

vertical transmission

Answer 6

disease transmitted from parents to offspring (ex: HIV)

Question 7

disease fitness (horizontal)

Answer 7

number of new hosts is proportional to the number of disease progeny (not dependent on fitness of host)

Question 8

disease fitness (vertical)

Answer 8

number of new hosts is dependent on host fitness

Question 9

isolation

Answer 9

separate sick individuals from healthy individuals

Question 10

quarantine

Answer 10

separate individuals who have been exposed to the illness, even if they are not presenting any symptoms of the disease

Question 11

herd immunity

Answer 11

occurs when vaccination rates are high enough that the population growth rate (r) of the pathogen is negative, and it may go extinct