Lecture 17: language and thought

Question 1

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 1

language shapes thought patterns

Question 2

linguistic determinism

Answer 2

language determines certain non linguistic cognitive processes

Question 3

linguistic relativity

Answer 3

across languages, different non linguistic cognitive processes are affected

Question 4

Language and thought

Answer 4

the way something is described can influence how we think about it

Question 5

Washing clothes study:

Answer 5

title enhanced people’s encoding and responses to recall and comprehension questions about text passages

Question 6

differentiation

Answer 6

refers to the number of words in a given domain in a lexicon (colors, fruits, etc)

Question 7

strong version of SWH

Answer 7

the presence of linguistic categories creates cognitive categories

Question 8

weak version of the SWH

Answer 8

the presence of linguistic categories influences the ease with which various cognitive operations are performed

Question 9

Space is not a universal

Answer 9

Tzeltal speakers use north and south while Dutch speakers use up, down, left, right

Question 10

English speakers speak of time using ____-____ metaphore

Answer 10

front-back

Question 11

Mandarin speakers use _____ metaphores

Answer 11

verticle

Question 12

object descriptions can be ______ and ______

Answer 12

feminine and masculine

Question 13

Bridge is (feminine/masculine) in german and (feminine/masculine) in spanish

Answer 13

feminine

masculine

Question 14

Key is (feminine/masculine) in german and (feminine/masculine) in spanish

Answer 14

masculine

feminine

Question 15

hue

Answer 15

wavelength, oscillation frequency of light radiation

Question 16

brightness

Answer 16

intensity, amplitude of light radiation

Question 17

saturation

Answer 17

purity, intensity of dominant wavelength

Question 18

Berline and Kay

Answer 18

every language has a small number of basic color terms

Question 19

basic color terms

Answer 19

one-,morphemic, not contained within another color, not restricted to a small number of objects

Question 20

a language with only two basic color terms will have ____ and ____. When there is athird term, it is always ___

Answer 20

black
white
red

Question 21

focal colors

Answer 21

the most representative example of a basic color (the bluest blue etc) (memory is better for focal than for non-focal)

Question 22

can different languages have different visible colors?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

same names will be in the same _____

Answer 23

color

Question 24

Similarity judgements

Answer 24

looking at 3 colors and choosing the 2 closes hues, judged it for their language

Question 25

linguistic relativity effects in the ___ hemisphere but not in the ___

Answer 25

left | right

Question 26

aphasia

Answer 26

language impairment caused by brain damage

Question 27

broca's aphasia

Answer 27

difficulty with production: slow, halting speech, no function words, gist maintained

Question 28

wernicke's aphasia

Answer 28

difficulty with comprehension, fluent grammatical speech, makes little sense (word salad), made up words, word substitutions

Question 29

shift speech error

Answer 29

"that's so she'll be ready in case she decides to hits it"

Question 30

exchange

Answer 30

fancy getting your model renosed

Question 31

anticipation

Answer 31

bake my bike

Question 32

perseveration

Answer 32

he pulled a pantrum

Question 33

addition

Answer 33

i didn't explain this clarefully enough

Question 34

deletion

Answer 34

i'll just get up and mutter _intelligibly

Question 35

substitution

Answer 35

at low speed it's too light [heavy]

Question 36

blend

Answer 36

that child is lookin to be spaddled [spanked/paddled[

Question 37

phonemic level anticipation

Answer 37

leading list [reading list]

Question 38

phonemic level perseveration

Answer 38

beef needle [noodle]

Question 39

phonemic level exchange

Answer 39

queer old dean [dear old queen]

Question 40

Spoonerism

Answer 40

switching of 2 sounds in separate words, each taking the place of the other

Question 41

phonotactic constraints

Answer 41

sequences of sounds are possible in a given language (fleudian shrip)

Question 42

independence of planning units

Answer 42

speech errors tend to occur only at one level of planning

Question 43

second language acquisition (SLA)

Answer 43

people learn a language other than their native tongue, inside or outside a classroom

Question 44

separate-store models

Answer 44

there are separate lexicons for each language

Question 45

common-store models

Answer 45

there is 1 lexicon and 1 semantic memory system, with words from both languages stored in it and connected directly together

Question 46

bilinguals' languages are always (on/off)

Answer 46

on

Question 47

bilingual children have (more/less) advanced cognitive ability to solve problems with misleading info

Answer 47

more

Question 48

lifelong bilinguals diagnosed with dementia on average show symptoms of the disease __ years later than monolinguals

Answer 48

4