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PAM Mizzou plnt_sci_4500 > Lecture 18 exam 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 18 exam 3 Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

signs of SCN are

A

seeing the nematode itself or cysts w/ the scn

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2
Q

SE

A

sieve element

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3
Q

sugars will be transported from the blank to the blank

A

sieve element to the apopolast of the adjoining giant cell

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4
Q

General nematode life cycle

A

egg

j1

m1

j2

hatch

j2

m2

j3

m3

j4

m4

adult w gender

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5
Q

how to the nematodes move within the root

A

by mechanical or by enzyme aided means

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6
Q

soybean cyst nematode

A

heterodera glycines

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7
Q

the blank and blank are also modified to do what

A

xylem and phloem are modified to provide nutrition

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8
Q

what happens at the 48 hr mark of root knot

A

induction of feeding cells and the worm becomes sedentary

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9
Q

symptoms of pratylenchus worms

A

-root lesions
-enxtensive root necrosis
-root rots due to 2ndary infections
-plants are unhealthy and stunted
-decreased yeilds
-plants pulled easily from soil due to damaged roots

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10
Q

life cycle of sting nematodes

A

-juveniles devlop within eggs in soil
-j2 hatch and are attracted to compounds excreted by roots
-j2 feed as ectoparasites on root hairs
-molt to j3
-j3 and then on feed on root meristem tissue
-amphimixis

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11
Q

because there is karyokinesis but not cytokineses giant cells are

A

multinucleated

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12
Q

damaged turf is not able to withstand

A

severe heat or even mild drought stress

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13
Q

a plant will not develop the blank when it senses an infection so you get blank

A

the meristem, so you get a plant with few roots if theres lots of infections causing decreased yeild

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14
Q

with root knot nematodes what are formed on the root

A

galls

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15
Q

endoparasites enter

A

the root to feed

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16
Q

what is a sieve element

A

a type of cell in the phloem

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17
Q

pratylenchus worms reporduce by

A

amphimixis means

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18
Q

pratylenchus worms will not

A

modify the plant tissue itself

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19
Q

belanolaimus females lay

A

eggs in pairs in the soil

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20
Q

as the nematode grows the

A

number of giant cells formed increase enclosed within the galls

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21
Q

belanolaimus worms actually require

A

80% sand content in soil to survive

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22
Q

giant cells also have blank within them

A

more dense cytoplasm

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23
Q

nematode signals trigger

A

feeding site formation

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24
Q

from the apoplast the dugars and aminos are being brought into

A

giant cells using plant transporters

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25
migratory ectoparasites feed
from exterior of root by inserting the stylet into the tissue
26
structure arounf giant cells is modified and is called the
gall
27
symptoms of belanolaimus
irregular patches or yellowing foliage
28
adaptations for plant parasitism
hollow stylet morphological and physiological changes to the esophagus
29
j3 and onward pratylenchus worms feed
on the root apical meristem
30
with SCN the egg mass is blank, the cyst is blank, and the female is blank
egg mass is inside the cyst the cyst is inside the root the female is outside the root
31
lesion worm of coffee
pratylenchus coffeae
32
when the female cyst dies what happens
the color changes from a white to brown color
33
nematodes will select
specific cells for feeding
34
root rot with pratylenchus is usually caused by
a complex of soil microorganisms due to secondary infections
35
once damage is noticed from lesion nematodes theres
normally too many worms to do anything about it
36
umami transporters move what
amino acids
37
pratylenchus worms overwinter where
in infected plant material
38
cytokinesis
when cells are dividing and forming septa (cell walls)
39
lesion worm of tobacco
pratylenchus penetrans
40
the lesion nematode is called
pratylenchus
41
cyst nematodes
heterodera
42
if a nematode is migratory then
all life stages will be veriform
43
what type of cells are modified into giant cells mostly
vascular parenchymal cells
44
migratory ectoparasites will remain
veriform throughout the life cycle
45
plants with pratylenchus damage are prone to
lodging and wind damage
46
bc they go in and out of the root, belanolaimus worms find what type of environment easiest
sandy soil bc the sand gives them more friction to move with
47
j2 pratylenchus worms feed on
root hairs
48
lesion worm of potato
pratylenchsu brachyurus
49
belanolaimus worms are what type of parasite
migratrory ectoparasite
50
pratlyenchsu worms are what type of parasite
migratory parasites
51
belanolaimus worms feed on
root hairs and root apical meristem using a very long stylet
52
root knot nematodes cause
more damage worldwide than any other genus
53
when giant cells form you get
karyokinses but not cytokinesis
54
sweet transporters transport what
sugars (sucrose)
55
the sting nematode is called
belanolaimus
56
what happens in the 24 hr range of root knot
invasion, the migration to the intercellular target site
57
with pratylenchus worms all life stages are
infective, (j2 to adult)
58
poor response to irrigation, or fertilizers can be a sign of
a nematode problem
59
cyst nematodes are where
within the root
60
as the cells die in the root
the nematode will find new roots to infect
61
the egg mass is located where for root knot
outside the root
62
the pratylenchus worm blank is pretty destructive
intracellular migration
63
CAT 6 transporters bring
aminos from apoplast into the giant cell
64
where are the eggs in root knot nematodes? Where are the females?
the eggs are outside the root, the females are within the root
65
GC
giant cell
66
invaginations in the giant cell do what
increase the surface area for transporter placement
67
once the nutrients are brought into the giant cell thw
nutrients are then absorbed by the nematode through the stylet
68
pratylenchus worms live how long
have a 45 to 65 day life cycle
69
general root knot nematode life cycle (start at j2)
-j2 infects -root is parasitized -feeding on structure because of formation of gulls -once feeding you get multiple molts -leaves tissues to find mate @ m4 -nematode mates and dies
70
gall inducing root knot nematodes
meloigodyne
71
the root apical meristem is
the tip of the root
72
the margin between healthy and nematode damaged turf is
gradual, not sharp
73
pratylenchus worms will lay eggs where
singly or in small groups inside plant tissue or in the soil
74
root knot nematodes are what type of parasite
Sedentary endoparasite
75
nematode damaged tissue will start to
degenerate and can cause secondary infection because of other pathogens getting in from their damage
76
things the pratylenchus worms infect
field crops vegetablesit trees ornamentals
77
where are pratylenchus worms located
temperate and tropical areas
78
what happens at the 3 to 4 day mark of root knot
nutrient acquisition: vascularisation of feeding site, and nematode turns to an adult
79
root knot nematodes form
complex feeding sites in roots called giant cells
80
root knot nematodes have a wide
hsot range and can parasitize more than 2000 plant species
81
once a plants root has been invaded the plant will try to
limit damage by undergoing apoptosis
82
belanolaimus life cycle lasts
18 to 24 days
83
most important belanolaimus worm is
belanolaimus longicaudatus
84
The belanolaimus worms mostly affect
turf grass
85
if you have a plant with less of a root system then
symptoms are exacerbated when there is a drought or less water available (theres not enough root surface area to collect the water)
86
the infective stage of root knot nematode is
the j2 stage
87
how do root knot nematodes reproduce
parthogenisis
88
nematodes will modify blank in the cells to make more blank
transcription in the cell to make more transporters
89
there are blank on the cell walls of giant cells
invaginations
90
most common root knot nematode
southern root knot nematode
91
how are giant cells formed
you get nuclei division (karyokinesis) without cytokinesis
92
SUC transporters would do what
bring sucrose from apoplast into the giant cell
93
apoptosis
programmed cell death
94
ectoparasites feed externally by
inserting stylet
95
feeding site formation equals the formation of
syncytia or giant cells
96
karyokinesis
division of nuclei
97
in rkn the knot is blank, the eggs are blank, and the female is blank
the knot is inside the root, the eggs are outside the root, and the female is inside the root
98
cell walls bw giant cells are blank but around the galls are blank
thinner thicker

PAM Mizzou plnt_sci_4500 (1 decks)

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