Lecture 18: Pelvic Viscera 2

Question 1

When are the genitals formed?

Answer 1

Week 6

Question 2

What drags the ovaries to their spot in the pelvis?

Answer 2

Gubernaculum/rudder

Question 3

What does the gubernaculum become?

Answer 3

Round ligament

Question 4

What is the normal position of the ovaries?

Answer 4

Lateral wall of pelvis in ovarian fossa between external and internal iliac vessels on obturator nerve

Question 5

What is an imperfect descent of the ovaries?

Answer 5

Descent arrested or descend too far

Question 6

What happens if the ovary is diseased?

Answer 6

Due to position on obturator nerve, pain in medial thigh above knee with no associated somatic disease

Question 7

What holds ovaries in position?

Answer 7

Periotoneal folds- ligaments

Question 8

How is ovary attached to broad ligament?

Answer 8

Mesovarium

Question 9

How is ovary attached to side of uterus?

Answer 9

Ovarian ligament

Question 10

How is ovary attached to lateral pelvic wall?

Answer 10

Suspensory ligament

Question 11

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 11

Itramural, isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbriae

Question 12

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 12

Ampulla

Question 13

How does the ovum move into the tubes?

Answer 13

Released from the ovary, guided by ciliary action into the fimbriae

Question 14

What is the shape of the uterus?

Answer 14

Pear shaped

Question 15

What are the size changes of the uterus in pregnancy?

Answer 15

During pregnancy size increases (especially endometrial layer) and is at suprapubic level at 3 months, iliac crests at 6 months and xiphisternum at 8 months – puts pressure on viscera, especially bladder

Question 16

What is the most extreme position of the uterus?

Answer 16

Retroflexed, retroverted

Question 17

What is the primary support of the uterus?

Answer 17

Levator ani below - takes additional support from ligaments

Question 18

Where is the uterus best supported?

Answer 18

Cervix

Question 19

Where is the vagina located?

Answer 19

Upper part above pelvic floor and lower part in perineum

Question 20

What are the fornices?

Answer 20

Spaces between cervix and vagina

Question 21

What happens in a backyard abortion?

Answer 21

Passage of instruments intending to pass into body of uterus often passed directly via posterior fornix into peritoneal cavity – as a result might have died due to peritonitis

Question 22

What stabilises the vagina?

Answer 22

Urethrovaginal sphincter, bulbospongiosus, pubovaginalis

Question 23

What is elephantiasis?

Answer 23

Testes is grossly enlarged as a result of infestation by a parasitic worm, prevents lymphatic drainage

Question 24

Where is sperm stored?

Answer 24

Epididymis

Question 25

What is the pathway of sperm?

Answer 25

Epididymis - head, body and tail to vas deferens via peristalsis

Question 26

What encases the testes?

Answer 26

Fibrous tissue - tunica albuginea (white coat) and outer serous membrane - tunica vaginalis

Question 27

Which testes is lower?

Answer 27

Left

Question 28

What is cryptorchidism?

Answer 28

Undescended testes - not reaching scrotum

Question 29

Where does vas deferens pass?

Answer 29

Posterior of bladder - meets seminal vesicle and forms ejaculatory duct

Question 30

What sits in front of the prostate?

Answer 30

Bladder

Question 31

What is the seminal colliculous?

Answer 31

Elevation in posterior prostatic wall where ejaculatory duct opens into urethra

Question 32

What is the prostatic sinus?

Answer 32

Opening just above seminal colliculus where semen enters urethra

Question 33

What do the bulbourethral glands to?

Answer 33

Secrete mucous into urethra

Question 34

What is characteristic of the median lobe of the prostate?

Answer 34

Tends to enlarge after 40 and projects above external opening of bladder and obstructs it

Question 35

What is the function of the fascial layer of the rectovesical septum?

Answer 35

Prevents spread of cancer cells to rectum

Question 36

What is produced in the lateral lobes of the prostate?

Answer 36

Prostatic secretions

Question 37

Where is the transition zone of the prostate?

Answer 37

Around prostatic urethra

Question 38

What happens at the peripheral zone of the prostate?

Answer 38

Ducts originate

Question 39

What does cancer of the prostate occur?

Answer 39

Peripheral zone

Question 40

Where does hypertrophy of the prostate occur?

Answer 40

Transition zone

Question 41

What is the penis made up of?

Answer 41

Cavernous tissue - consists of spaces within parts of the penis

Question 42

What is the root of the penis?

Answer 42

Bulb

Question 43

Where is the corpus spongiosum?

Answer 43

Around penile urethra

Question 44

What is the termination of the penis?

Answer 44

Glans

Question 45

What is the navicular fossa?

Answer 45

Dilatation close to termination of the urethra

Question 46

What is the prepuce?

Answer 46

Part of the penis in non-circumcised - susceptible to AIDS

Question 47

What maintains erection?

Answer 47

Fascia surrounding individual components - deep penile and dartos