Lecture 19 + Lecture 20 - Helping Behaviour Flashcards
(reading):
Gilovich et al. (2018): Chapter 14
(reading):
(lecture):
Describe the story of Wilson Ross.
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See slide 4
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Describe the story of Kitty Genovese.
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See slide 5
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Define Altruism.
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Helping that benefits others but requires self-sacrifice on the part of the helper
- no regard for personal consequences, potential harm
- no expectation of receiving a reward
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Define Prosocial behaviour.
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Helping that benefits others, regardless of motives
- a broader category than altruism
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See slide 9 + 10
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List the 5 perspectives on helping (of which will be described later)
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- Decision-making
- Learning
- Social Norms
- Evolutionary
- Social Exchange Theory
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Pesperctives on helping:
Describe the decision-making perspective – Darley and Latané
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A number of decisions need to be made that influence helping behaviour in a potential emergency.
Read slide 15
The stages in deciding to help:
Read slide 15
Studies that deal with each of these stages:
Read slide 16-20
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Pesperctives on helping:
Describe the Learning perspective.
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We learn to help through reinforcement, modelling, and observational learning.
See slides 22-25
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Pesperctives on helping:
Describe the Social Norms Perspective.
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- internalise social “rules” about helping
- help because society dictates that we help
Key norms:
- social responsibility - help those dependent upon us
- reciprocity - help those who help us
- social justice - norms about fairness and equity
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Pesperctives on helping:
Describe the Evolutionary Perspective - Is helping in the genes?
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More likely to help those genetically most “close” to ourselves
- most likely to help healthy offspring
Why do we help strangers?
- norm of reciprocity
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Pesperctives on helping:
Describe the Exchange Perspective
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Look to maximise rewards and minimise costs.
help is rewarding because ….
1. we may need help in future (reciprocity norm)
2. relieves distress of seeing someone suffer
3. we get positive feedback
4. it can alleviate physical pain (see Wang et al., 2020, PNAS)
(lecture):
Read slide 29
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Read slide 30-33
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Describe situational factors of helping:
The presence of others.
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See slide 35-36
