Lecture 1B: Domains of Concern

Question 1

Define ‘domain’

Answer 1

Outlines the profession’s scopes in which its knowledge and expertise the members have established

Question 2

What are the domains of concern in Occupational Therapy?

Answer 2

1. Occupations
2. Context
3. Performance Skills
4. Client Factors
5. Performance Patterns

These domains guide the practice and intervention strategies in occupational therapy.

Question 3

Define ‘occupational performance’.

Answer 3

The ability to carry out daily activities in a meaningful way.

This encompasses various aspects of a person’s life and their engagement in occupations.

Question 4

What is meant by ‘context’ in Occupational Therapy?

Answer 4

Environmental and personal factors specific to each client that influence engagement and participation in occupations.

Question 5

What is the difference between environmental factors and personal factors?

Answer 5

• Environmental: Physical, social, attitudinal surrounding how people live
• Personal: Unique features of a person’s particular background

Question 6

Define ‘Natural & Human-made changes to the environment’

Answer 6

• Environmental factor
• Animate and inanimate elements of the natural or physical environment
• Includes human modifications
• Characteristics of human populations: e.g. Physical geography, climate, air quality

Question 7

Define ‘Product and Technology’

Answer 7

• Environmental factor
• Natural or human-made products or systems of products, equipment
• Technology that are gathered, created, produced, or manufactured
• E.g. Transportation equipment, assets for economic exchange

Question 8

Define ‘Support and relationship’

Answer 8

• Environmental factor
• People or animals that provide practical physical or emotional support
• E.g. family, friends, domesticated animals

Question 9

Define ‘Attitude’

Answer 9

• Environmental factor
• Customs, values, beliefs etc. held by people other than the client
• E.g. Culture in HK, subculture of the youth

Question 10

Define ‘Services, systems, and policies’

Answer 10

• Environmental factor
• Structured programs or regulations by institutions, to meet the needs of people
• E.g. housing, communication, education

Question 11

What are some examples of personal factors?

Answer 11

• Age
• Sexual orientation
• Gender identity
• Upbringing
• Health conditions

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The end result of occupational therapy is when patients are engaged in _______.

Answer 12

[meaningful occupation]

Question 13

What are client factors in Occupational Therapy?

Answer 13

Specific capacities, characteristics, or beliefs that influence performance in occupation, including values, beliefs, spirituality, body functions/structures

Question 14

What does the term ‘client’ encompass?

Answer 14

Individuals in need, caregivers, groups, and populations sharing similar characteristics or concerns.

Understanding the client is crucial for tailoring interventions.

Question 15

Differentiate between value, beliefs, and spirituality

Answer 15

• Values: Principles or qualities considered worthwile, derived from culture, e.g. honesty to self
• Beliefs: Cognitive content held as true, e.g. hard work pays off
• Spirituality: Personal search for purpose and meaning in life

Question 16

What role does spirituality play in client factors?

Answer 16

It influences a person’s motivation to engage in occupations and their search for meaning in life.

Spirituality can affect how clients cope with challenges.

Question 17

Define ‘performance skills’.

Answer 17

Observable, goal-directed actions that result in a client’s quality of performing desired occupations.

Performance skills are learned and developed over time in specific contexts.

Question 18

How are performance skills learned and developed?

Answer 18

Over time in specific contexts and environments

(Fisher & Griswold, 2014)

Question 19

What are the types of performance skills?

Answer 19

• Motor skills: to move self or interact with objects
• Process skills: to organize objects, time, and speace
• Social interaction skills: to use verbal and non-verbal skills to communicate

These skills are essential for effective engagement in daily activities.

Question 20

What are performance patterns?

Answer 20

Habits, routines, roles, and rituals that influence occupational performance

Question 21

What is a habit?

Answer 21

• Performance pattern
• Specific, automatic behaviors performed repeatedly with little variation

(Matuska & Barrett, 2019)

Question 22

What is a routine?

Answer 22

• Performance pattern
• Repetitive patterns of behavior that provide structure and can be satisfying, promoting, or damaging

Question 23

What is a role?

Answer 23

• Performance pattern
• Aspects of identity shaped by culture and context, governed by norms

Question 24

What is a ritual?

Answer 24

• Performance pattern
• Symbolic actions with spiritual, cultural, or social meaning that contribute to identity

Question 25

True or False: Performance patterns help understand why a client performs certain occupations.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Performance patterns help understand the _______ and manner in which performance skills and occupations are integrated into clients’ lives.

Answer 26

frequency

Question 27

What is the significance of 'occupational justice'?

Answer 27

Ensures access and participation in meaningful and enriching occupations for all individuals. ## Footnote Occupational justice addresses barriers to participation.

Question 28

Summary of OT domains

Answer 28