Lecture 2

Question 1

the field of genomics began before the resolution of genome sequences…

Answer 1

with findings from cell biology (cellular components), molecular biology (gene composition), genetics and cytogenetics (transmission and mapping of traits and chromosomes)

Question 2

Prokaryotes (DNA)

Answer 2

DNA is naked, circular, usually no introns

Question 3

Eukaryotes (DNA)

Answer 3

DNA bound to protein, linear, usually has introns

Question 4

Prokaryotes (Organelles)

Answer 4

no nucleus, or membrane-bound, 70S ribosomes

Question 5

Eukaryotes (Organelles)

Answer 5

has nucleus, membrane-bound, 80S ribosomes

Question 6

Prokaryotes (Reproduction)

Answer 6

Binary fission, single chromosome (haploid)

Question 7

Eukaryotes (Reproduction)

Answer 7

mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes paired (diploid or more)

Question 8

Prokaryotes (average size)

Answer 8

smaller (1-5 um)

Question 9

prokaryotes comprise…

Answer 9

bacteria and archaea

Question 10

eukaryotes arose from…

Answer 10

within the archaea

Question 11

the “c-value” is the…

Answer 11

amount of DNA in the haploid genome

Question 12

Brute-force method

Answer 12

1. extract and measure amount/weight of bulk DNA,
2. guestimate the number of cells in preparation
3. do the math

Question 13

Densitometry

Answer 13

1. treat cell with DNA-specific stain (Feulgen)
2. amount of stain bound is proportional to the amount of DNA present, so qualified based on the amount of light it absorbs (its density)
3. densitometer does the math

Question 14

Fluorometry

Answer 14

1. treat cell with DNA-specific stain that fluoresces
2. quantify amount of fluorescence

Question 15

what process can bring about a change in genome size?

Answer 15

it seems that whole genome duplications (WGD) would be the fastest way to increase genome size. resulting in an instantaneous doubling of all genetic material (‘polyploidization”)