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Water Supply Course > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Seasonal Peak Factor in Nepal

A

1

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2
Q

What is the Daily Peak Factor in Nepal

A

1

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3
Q

What is the Hourly Peak Factor in Nepal

A

3

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4
Q

Maximum Seasonal Demand formula

A

Maximum Seasonal Demand = Seasonal Peak Factor * Annual average demand

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5
Q

Maximum Daily Demand formula

A

Maximum Daily Demand = Daily Peak Factor * Annual average demand

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6
Q

Maximum Hourly Demand formula

A

Maximum Hourly Demand = Hourly Peak Factor * Annual average demand

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7
Q

Peak Factor definition

A

Ratio of the maximum demand to that of average annual demand of water

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8
Q

Peak factor formula

A

Peak factor = Seasonal peak factor * Daily Peak Factor * Hourly Peak factor.

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9
Q

Peak factor for continuous system

A

2-4

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10
Q

Peak factor for intermittent system

A

4-6

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11
Q

Maximum demand formula

A

Maximum demand = Peak factor * Annual average demand

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12
Q

Base Period definition

A

Base period is the period required for survey, design and construction of water supply system. Usually, base period of two to three years is adopted

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13
Q

Design Period definition

A

Design period is defined as the future period for which a provision is made while planning and designing the water supply programs. Usually, 15 to 20 years is adopted as design period.

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14
Q

Base period how many years

A

15 to 20 years

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15
Q

Design period how many years

A

2 to 3 years

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16
Q

How to select design period

A

Anticipated expansion rate of the town:
If r ≥ 2, design period is 15 years
If r < 2, design period is 20 years
(r=growth rate of population)

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17
Q

Arithmetical increase method formula

A

Pn=Po+nC

Pn= Population after ‘n’ decades
Po=Last known population
C=Average (arithmetic mean) of increase in population

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18
Q

Geometrical increase method formula

A

Pn = Po(1+r/100)^n

Pn=Population after ‘n’ decades
Po=Last known population
r=average percentage increase in population

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19
Q

Incremental Increase Method formula

A

Pn = Po+nc+n((n+1)/2)*i

Pn=Population after ‘n’decades
Po = No. of present (last known) population n = No. of decades
c = Average (arithmetic mean) of increase in population
i = Average incremental increase

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20
Q

Decreasing rate of growth

A

??

21
Q

Fire demand limit of lpcd

A

Not more than 11lpcd

22
Q

National Board of Fire Underwriter’s formula

A

Q = 4637sqrt(P)(1-0.001*sqrt(P))

Q = quantity of water in l/min
P = Population in thousands

23
Q

J.R. Freeman’s formula

A

Q = 1136*((P/5)+10)

Q = quantity of water in l/min
P = Population in thousands

24
Q

Kuilching’s formula

A

Q = 3182*sqrt(P)

Q = quantity of water in l/min
P = Population in thousands

25
Q

Buston’s formula

A

Q = 5663*sqrt(P)

26
Q

Indian water supply manual (1976) formula

A

Q = 100*sqrt(P)

Q = quantity of water in m^3/day
P = Population in thousands

27
Q

Compensate losses demand

A

15-20% total demand for city.
50% in Kathmandu Valley.
In metered supply it is 30%
In un-metered supply it is 50%.
Zero in rural

28
Q

Per Capita Demand or rate of demand formula

A

q = Q/(365*P) (in lpcd)

Q = quantity of water required per year by town (litres)
P = Population of town at the end of design period

29
Q

Base year definition

A

The year in which the water is delivered to the community

Base year = Survey year + Base Period

30
Q

Design Year definition

A

The year for which the water supply system is designed for

Design Year = Base year + Design Period

31
Q

Selection Basis of Design Period

A
  • Fluid Available
  • Development of community
  • Population Growth rate
  • Availability of funds and rate of interest
  • Useful life of components
32
Q

Commercial Demand (CD) definition

A

Commercial Demand includes the demand of water by offices, restaurants, schools, colleges, hospitals, hotels and other institutions.

33
Q

CD for offices

A

500-1000 lits/day for offices (Depending upon the size)

34
Q

CD for hospitals with the bed

A

500 lits/bed/day

35
Q

CD for hospitals without bed and health clinics

A

2500 lits/day

36
Q

CD for hotels with the bed

A

200 lits/bed/day

37
Q

CD for hotels without the bed

A

500 - 1000 lits/day

38
Q

CD for for restaurants and tea stalls

A

500 – 1000 lits/day

39
Q

CD for day scholars

A

10 lpcd

40
Q

CD for boarders

A

65 lpcd

41
Q

Total Water Demand formula

A

Total water Demand = DD + LD + CD + PD + ID + FD + LW

42
Q

Fire Demand (FD)

A

The quantity of water that is required for firefighting purposes.

43
Q

Loss and Wastage (LW)

A

15% of total supply. The loss of water
may be due to leakage in valves, mains, unauthorized connections, fittings, etc.

44
Q

Industrial Demand (ID)

A

20-25% of total consumption. Water consumed by industries is included within the industrial demand. 20-25% of the total consumption is made for industrial demand.

45
Q

Public/Municipal Demand (PD)

A

5-10% of total consumption. Public Demand includes the quantity of water required for watering of public parks and gardening purposes. It includes cleaning of roads and sewers. This demand is taken into consideration in urban communities only.

46
Q

Livestock Demand (LD)

A

Livestock demand includes the quantity of water consumed by domestic animals and birds as cows, buffalos, horses, sheep, goat, pigs, chicken, ducks, etc.

47
Q

LD for big animals such as cows, horses etc

A

45 lits/animal/day

48
Q

LD for medium sized animals as pigs, sheep, goats, etc.

A

20 lits/animal/day

49
Q

LD for birds such as chicken ducks, etc.

A

20 lits/100birds/day

Water Supply Course (2 decks)

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