LECTURE 2

Question 1

What are diagrams used for?

Answer 1

Visual representation of data using geometrical shapes like bars or circles.

Question 2

What are the main merits of diagrams?

Answer 2

1. Attractive 2. Simple to understand 3. Efficient 4. Comprehensive 5. Impactful 6. Universal 7. Widely used.

Question 3

What are the limitations of diagrams?

Answer 3

1. Approximation issues 2. Scalability problems 3. Require expertise for some types 4. Misleading scales.

Question 4

What is a simple bar diagram used for?

Answer 4

Comparing a single characteristic of different groups.

Question 5

What is an example of a simple bar diagram?

Answer 5

Yield performance of different crop varieties.

Question 6

What is a multiple bar diagram used for?

Answer 6

Comparing multiple characteristics across groups.

Question 7

What is an example of a multiple bar diagram?

Answer 7

Production of food grains, vegetables, and others over years.

Question 8

What is a component bar diagram also called?

Answer 8

Subdivided bar diagram.

Question 9

What is a component bar diagram used for?

Answer 9

Displaying components of a total, stacked on top of each other.

Question 10

What is an example of a component bar diagram?

Answer 10

Sales, gross profit, and net profit represented for each year.

Question 11

What is a percentage bar diagram?

Answer 11

Bar diagram where components are converted to percentages to show relative proportions.

Question 12

What is an example of a percentage bar diagram?

Answer 12

Sales components shown as percentages of total sales for different years.

Question 13

What is a pie chart?

Answer 13

A circular diagram divided into sectors representing proportions of a total.

Question 14

What is the formula to calculate angles for a pie chart?

Answer 14

Angle (in degrees) = (Value of the component / Total value) × 360.

Question 15

What are the steps to draw a pie chart?

Answer 15

1. Calculate angles using the formula 2. Draw a circle 3. Divide into sectors based on angles 4. Label sectors.

Question 16

What is a pictogram?

Answer 16

A diagram using icons or images to represent data quantities.

Question 17

What are statistical maps or cartograms?

Answer 17

Diagrams representing data geographically, e.g., population density maps.

Question 18

What are the advantages of diagrams in representing statistical data?

Answer 18

1. Simplify complex data 2. Facilitate comparisons 3. Attract attention 4. Leave a lasting impression 5. Require no technical expertise.

Question 19

In a component bar diagram, the length of the bar depends on what?

Answer 19

The total value.

Question 20

In a percentage bar diagram, the length of the bars will always be equal. True or False?

Answer 20

True.

Question 21

What is the main difference between component and percentage bar diagrams?

Answer 21

Component bar diagrams show raw values; percentage bar diagrams show proportions as percentages.

Question 22

What is the main difference between a simple and multiple bar diagram?

Answer 22

Simple bar diagrams show one characteristic; multiple bar diagrams compare multiple characteristics.

Question 23

Subdivided bar diagrams are also known as what?

Answer 23

Component bar diagrams.

Question 24

What is the first step in drawing a pie chart?

Answer 24

Calculate angles for each component using the formula: (Value of the component / Total value) × 360.

Question 25

What is the purpose of converting data to percentages in a percentage bar diagram?

Answer 25

To make meaningful comparisons of relative proportions.

Question 26

What are the disadvantages of diagrams?

Answer 26

1. Approximation issues 2. Scalability distortions 3. Require expertise 4. Misleading scales for laypersons.

Question 27

In a component bar diagram, the length of the bar:

Answer 27

Depends on the total.

Question 28

The length of the bar will be the same for all categories in which diagram?

Answer 28

Percentage bar diagram.

Question 29

Sub-divided bar diagrams are also called what?

Answer 29

Component bar diagrams.

Question 30

The multiple bar diagram is the extension of which diagram?

Answer 30

Simple bar diagram.

Question 31

In a bar diagram, the width of the bars should:

Answer 31

Be equal.

Question 32

In a percentage bar diagram, the length of the bars will not be equal. True or False?

Answer 32

False.

Question 33

How are diagrams useful in representing statistical data?

Answer 33

1. Simplify complex data 2. Facilitate comparisons 3. Attract attention 4. Leave a lasting impression 5. Require no technical expertise.

Question 34

How to draw a pie chart?

Answer 34

1. Calculate angles using the formula: (Value of the component / Total value) × 360 2. Draw a circle 3. Divide into sectors based on angles 4. Label each sector.

Question 35

Explain how to draw simple and multiple bar diagrams.

Answer 35

1. Simple Bar Diagram: Draw vertical bars with equal width and height proportional to data values. 2. Multiple Bar Diagram: Grouped bars represent different characteristics in each category.

Question 36

Explain how to draw component and percentage bar diagrams.

Answer 36

1. Component Bar Diagram: Stack components of a total on top of each other to form a single bar. 2. Percentage Bar Diagram: Convert components into percentages and stack them in a 100%-length bar.