Lecture 2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is an aqueous solution?
An aqueous solution is a solution in which water is the solvent.
Why is the solubility of substances in aqueous biological solutions important?
It is crucial for the transport of gases, inorganic materials, and drugs.
What is the structure of a water molecule?
A water molecule contains two O-H bonds with a bent shape.
What charge does the oxygen atom in a water molecule have?
The oxygen atom has a partial negative charge.
What charge does the hydrogen atom in a water molecule have?
The hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge.
What type of interactions occur between water molecules?
Water molecules are attracted to each other by dipole-dipole interactions.
What is hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding is a strong attraction between water molecules due to their dipole-dipole interactions.
What makes water a polar molecule?
Water is polar because of its bent shape and the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen.
What are some unusual properties of water?
Water has high melting and boiling points, becomes denser when it melts, and has a high surface tension.
What happens to water’s density as it freezes?
Water gets less dense when it freezes, which is why ice floats.
What is solvation?
Solvation is the interaction of charged ions with the dipoles of water molecules.
What is hydration?
Hydration is when water acts as the solvent, forming hydration spheres around ions.
What types of molecules are soluble in water?
Polar molecules and ionic solids tend to be soluble in water.
Are non-polar gases soluble in water?
Non-polar gases like O2 and N2 are generally not very soluble in water.
What is a solute?
A solute is a substance that dissolves in a liquid.
What is a solvent?
A solvent is a liquid in which the solute dissolves.
What is an electrolyte?
An electrolyte dissolves to give ions in solution.
What is a non-electrolyte?
A non-electrolyte dissolves without forming ions.
What are strong electrolytes?
Strong electrolytes undergo complete dissociation in water.
What are weak electrolytes?
Weak electrolytes undergo incomplete dissociation in water.
What happens to sodium chloride when dissolved in water?
Sodium chloride dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions in solution.
What happens to glucose when dissolved in water?
Glucose dissolves without forming ions; it remains as C6H12O6 molecules.
