Lecture 2 & 3 - Bone Biology Flashcards
(34 cards)
list the important essential components of the skeleton
Mechanical component
- > it protects (soft tissue and organs)
- > anchors (ligaments)
- > rigid levers for movement
Physiological production center
- > blood cells
- > storage facilities for fat calcium
ITS NOT STATIC SCAFFOLDING OF THE BODY, IT’S ALWAYS ADAPTING AND CHANGING
the skeleton makes up what percentage of your total body weight
20%
what are the four factors of skeletal variation?
- > ontogeny (growth)
- > sexual dimorphism (xx vx xy)
- > geography (based on how population have adapted to their location/climate)
- > idiosyncratic (usually extra foramens/notches)
explain Wolff’s Law
BONE IS DEPOSITED WHERE IT IS NEEDED AND RESORBED WHERE IT IS NOT NEEDED (use it or lose it)
- > 1869 Julius wold
- > bones are living highly vascularized structures that can change shape over time (remodel)
- > see slide 2 for graph
liste the components of the MSK system and what they do/what they are
Joints
- > connections between different skeletal elements (articulation)
Cartilage
- > dense and elastic compressible connective tissue
Ligaments
- > bone to bone, stabilizing
Tendons
- > muscle to bone, movement of the joint
disarticulation vs articulation
disarticulation means separated and articulated means together
list the three main joint types
Synovial joints
- > mobile
Cartilaginous joints
- > semi-mobile
Fibrous/Syndesmoses Joints
- > immobile
list the types of synovial joints
- > pivot joint
- > ball and socket
- > hinge joint
- > sellar joint
- > planar joint
components of a synovial joint
- > hyaline cartilage
- > synovial fluid
- > joint capsule
types of cartilagenous joints
synchondroses
- > articulating bones that are joined by cartilage
symphysis
- > cartilaginous joint with hyaline cartilage
what are synchondroses
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
- > articulating bones that are joined by carlitage
- > have very little movement
- > temporary between growth centers, some persist into adult hood
- > i.e. ribs to sternum
what are symphysis
- > type of cartilaginous joint with hyaline cartilage
i.e. pubic symphysis
what are fibrous/syndesmoses joints
- > tight inflexible joints
- > bones joined by bands of dense fibrous, tissue in the form of membrane or ligaments
i.e. distal tibial connected to fibula or cranial sutures
ratio of bone’s inorganic vs organic material
- > 90% organic (collagen)
- > 10% inorganic (hydroxyapatite)
what do hydroxyapatite and collagen do/provide in reference to bone
- > H give bone the rigidity
- > C gives us the flexibility
list the different bone classifications (shape)
- > long
- > short
- > flat
- > irregular
- > sesamoid
list some examples of long bones
LONGER THAN WIDE
- > femur, humerus, fibula, tibia, ulna
list some examples of short bone
AS WIDE AS THEY ARE LONG
- > carpals, tarsals
list some examples of flat bones
STRONG FLAT PROTECTIVE
- > scapula, sternum, cranium, os coxae, ribs
list some examples of irregular bones
- > vertebrae, sacrum, mandible
list some examples of sesamoid bones
PROTECTS TENDONS
- > patella, pisiform (sometimes people have extra sesamoids in hands and feet)
what are the difference sections of a long bone
- > 2 epiphyses on either end
- > 2 metaphyses, which house the growth plate
- > diaphysis, long section of the bone
- > medullary cavity, housed in the diaphysis
list the different bone types (age & structure)
SEE SL. 24 TO SEE GRAPH
AGE
- > woven (immature)
- > lamellar (mature)
STRUCTURE (types of lamellar bone)
- > cortical/compact
- > cancellous/spongy/trabecular
ALL MATURE BONES ARE LAMELLAR BUT WOVEN MATURES TO LAMELLAR BONE
how does the proportion of red/yellow bone marrow change as we age, why?
we start out with exclusively red marrow as infants (0-1yrs) then red marrow is converted into yellow marrow during childhood and into adolescence (1-20)
- > conversion begins at the centers of the long bone and extends axially and peripherally
- > red marrow makes blood cells, time of rapid growth needs more and more blood
