Lecture 2

Question 1

What are the ecological perspectives?

Answer 1

1. Bronfenbrenner’s

2. Kelly’s ecological analogy

Question 2

What are the components of Kelly’s ecological analogy?

Answer 2

1. Adaptation
2. Succession
3. Cycling of resources
4. Interdependence
5. Person-Environment Fit

Question 3

What is adaptation? (Kelly’s analogy)

Answer 3

Involved ability to cope with the environment. E.g., The individual has to change when introduced to a new organization.

Question 4

What is succession? (Kelly’s analogy)

Answer 4

Incorporates a time perspective wherein the environment, as well as those in it, change. E.g., you can’t just implement a new system and hope everyone accepts it. You need to see how change has affected in the past- or how it hasn’t work. Lay down the ground work first.

Question 5

What is cycling of resources? (Kelly’s analogy)

Answer 5

Requires the community to make choices. E.g., find people who have the skills that fit the appropriate roles.

Question 6

What is interdependence? (Kelly’s analogy)

Answer 6

Means that various elements of any ecosystem influence each other. E.g., students, teachers, faculty, staff, tax payers, parents, etc. Making a change in one area of the school system- you need to think about all other aspects.

Question 7

What is person-environment fit? (Kelly’s analogy)

Answer 7

Addresses the match between the person and the environment - physical and psychological fit. E.g., would a tall man be able to function in a 5ft ceiling basement apartment?

Question 8

Prevention (rather than treatment) conceptualizations include…?

Answer 8

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary

Question 9

What is the primary prevention conceptualization?

Answer 9

Prevent a problem from occurring altogether. Must be mass- or group-oriented. Must occur before the maladjustment. Must be intentional- having a primary focus on strengthening adjustment of those not yet affected.

Question 10

What is the secondary prevention conceptualization?

Answer 10

Treat a problem at the earliest possible moment before it becomes a problem. E.g., if your parent is a drug user, education towards the child can help prevent them from following.

Question 11

What is tertiary prevention conceptualization?

Answer 11

Reduce the severity of an established problem. Many argue that it’s not really a form of prevent, but management.

Question 12

What is the IOM classification system for prevention?

Answer 12

1. Universal
2. Selective
3. Indicated

Question 13

What is the universal classification for prevention?

Answer 13

Programs which address the general public.

Question 14

What is the selective classification for prevention?

Answer 14

Programs aimed at populations at risk for future problems.

Question 15

What is the indicated classifications for prevention?

Answer 15

Programs designed for those beginning to show symptoms of a problem (not considered prevention).