Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent/Sensory

A

incoming

-fibers transmit impulses from receptors to CNS (central nervous system)

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2
Q

Efferent/Motor

A

outgoing

-efferent fibers transmit impulses from the CNS to effector organs

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3
Q

ATPase

A

the enzyme located on the myosin head that breaks down ATP to yield adenosine diphosphate (ADP), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and energy

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4
Q

Eccentric

A
  • muscles lengthen while producing force
  • cross-bridges form but sacromere lengthens
    (i. e. down phase of a squat)
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5
Q

Concentric

A
  • muscle shortens while producing force
  • most familiar type of contraction
  • sacromere shortens, filaments slide toward center
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6
Q

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

A

excitatory impulse causes depolarization and promotes AP

  • temporal summation
  • spatial summation
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7
Q

Temporal Summation

A

summing several EPSPs from one presynaptic neuron: more depolarizing

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8
Q

Spatial Summation

A

summing from several different presynaptic neurons

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9
Q

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (IPSP)

A

inhibitory impulse causes hyperpolarization and prevent AP

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10
Q

Sympathetic System (division of autonomic)

A

fight or flight; prepares body for exercise
-includes increased: heart rate, blood pressure, blow flow to muscles, airway diameter, metabolic rate, glucose levels, FFA levels, mental activity

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11
Q

Parasympathetic System (division of autonomic)

A

rest and digest; active rest, opposes sympathetic effects

  • conserves energy
  • increased: digestion, urination
  • decreased: heart rate, diameter of airways and blood vessels
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12
Q

Autonomic System

A
  • regulates visceral activity
  • control involuntary internal functions
  • exercise related autonomic regulation: heart rate, blood pressure, lung function
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13
Q

Divisions of Autonomic System (2)

A

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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14
Q

Free Nerve Endings (5)

A
Mechanoreceptors: physical forces
Thermoreceptors: temperature
Nociceptors: pain
Photoreceptors: light
Chemoreceptors: chemical stimuli
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15
Q

Depolarization

A

decrease in the electrical potential (charge becomes more positive than the RMP of -70) across a membrane, as when the inside of a neuron becomes less negative relative to the outside.

  • reaches about +40 mV
  • more Na+ channels open, Na+ diffuses into cell
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16
Q

Resting Membrane Potential (RMP)

A

electrical potential of -70 mV inside of a cell membrane

-caused by uneven separation of (2K+ and 3Na+ )ions across the membrane

17
Q

Repolarization

A

returning to resting membrane potential

  • K+ leaves cell rapidly
  • Na+ channels close
18
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

increase in the electrical potential across a membrane

  • more K+ channels open, K+ leaves the cell
  • makes it more difficult for nerves impulses to rise
19
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A

primary neuron transmitter for motor neurons the innervate skeletal muscle and parasympathetic autonomic neurons

20
Q

Norepinephrine (NE)

A

primary neurotransmitter or most sympathetic autonomic neurons

21
Q

Stretch-reflex

A

central region of an infrafusal fiber that cannot contract, only stretch, because it contains no or only a few actin and myosin filaments
-reaction of the muscle spindles when stretched