Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the neuron doctrine?

Answer 1

The nervous system is composed of individual cells

Question 2

What are the 2 types of cells in the nervous system?

Answer 2

Neurons and glia (support cells)

Question 3

Unipolar cell

Answer 3

Single process leaving the cell body (primarily invertebrates)

Question 4

Bipolar cell

Answer 4

2 processes from the cell body (sensory cells)

Question 5

Multipolar cell

Answer 5

1 axon and many dendrites (common in vertebrate CNS)

Question 6

Psuedo-unipolar cell

Answer 6

Dendrite leads directly into axon, cell body somewhere in the middle

Question 7

Sensory neurons

Answer 7

Afferent projections that transmit information from the PNS to the CNS

Question 8

Motor neurons

Answer 8

Efferent projections transmit information from the CNS to the PNS

Question 9

Interneurons

Answer 9

Enables communication between sensory and motor neurons

Question 10

Excitatory signals

Answer 10

Glutamate as a neurotransmitter (projection neurons that communicate to distant regions)

Question 11

Inhibitory signals

Answer 11

Gamma-Aminobuyric acis (GABA) as a neurotransmitter (interneurons that only communicate with neighboring cells)

Question 12

What are the neuromodulatory neurotransmitters?

Answer 12

Dopamine, Acetylcholine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin

Question 13

What is the relationship between glial number and CNS complexity

Answer 13

As glial number increases, so does CNS complexity

Question 14

What is the role of oligodendrocytes/schwann cells?

Answer 14

These cells myelinate axons in the CNS and PNS respectively. 1 oligo myelinates many axons where as 1 schwann myelinates 1 axon